1 The Evolution of Leadership Theory Although the practice of leadership has changed considerably over time, the need for leaders and leadership has not (Bass, 1990a; Kouzes & Posner, 1995). Already in 1990, Bass (1990a) found a proliferation of leadership books (over 3, 300). Since the publication of Burns’s (1978) seminal work on transforming leadership the number of leadership programs at various higher education institutions has grown to over 900 (Mangan, 2002). Clearly, interest in the field remains high. This review, although not exhaustive, traces the historical evolution of leadership theory from its initial focus on Great Man and trait theory to the contemporary study of transformational leadership theory offered by Bass.
Just about nine hundred years later, after World War II, research funds started to come into universities through government, and industry. According to Young, this funding has started to make university research become more and more commercialised, and he is led to believe that scientific research is now prioritized overtop of arts and social research. Although there is no longer any interference from the Roman Catholic Church within universities, we can relate the commercialization of the research that is currently being done, as that failure to acknowledge privileges that students and teachers held so many years ago in that feud in the year eleven hundred. To support his statements of commercialization, Young did some research on the established antidepressant treatment of “S-adenosylmethionine” or “SAMe” within the Society of Neuroscience. Searching up for the keyword ‘’antidepressant’’, he came up with one hundred and seventy nine results, whereas when he searched for the keyword ‘’S-adenosylmethionine”, only four results came up.
Origins and situation of F&G Fuller and Gordon (F&G) was established in 1875, it is a British pump manufacturing firm located in the north of England. The British pump industry is a mature market with a highly competitive nature, which has been developed more than a hundred years; however in recent decades, many firms have closed and only seen a few firms with successful diversification or growth in any significant monetary and/or non-monetary size. F&G now currently has 550 employees and the firm produces a wide range of specialized products for pumping industrial fluids, yet, some highly corrosive and toxic models are still currently
The classical era of leadership range from 1 A.D. to 1869 and the neoclassical era range from 1870 to 1939 encompassing a substantial portion of the industrial era. During the 1980’s theorists began to recognize the importance of personal and national cultural influence on leadership paradigms. In the global economy of the 21st century, occidental management theories and techniques in some form will be adapted to countries around the world. Current studies of leadership conclude three main parts: Leader effectiveness, Job satisfaction, Personality and Leadership. The word personality comes from the Latin 'persona', meaning 'mask'.
Critique for APA and ACA Kami Pringle Grand Canyon University: PSY-460 January 16, 2015 Critique for APA and ACA The American Psychological Association, APA, is a large organization that provides useful information for not only scientist but also for educators, clinicians, students and consultants. The American Counseling Association, ACA, is more focused for counselors. Both websites contain useful information and are relatively easy to navigate through. The American Psychological Association was founded in July 1892 by a small group of men interested in what they called “the new psychology.” It is considered to be the largest professional and scientific organization with an estimated amount of 130,000 educators and researchers, consultants
# 2011 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction As noted by former Siemens CEO Heinrich von Pierer, ‘‘whether a company measures its workforce in hundreds or hundreds of thousands, its success relies solely on individual performance’’ (Bisoux, 2004). This view is held by many; Heinrich von Pierer is certainly not alone in this train of thought.
Voluntary accounting disclosure research, which has not been used to explain social disclosures in the past, is examined for its usefulness. The combination of social disclosures behaviour and voluntary accounting disclosures turns out to be a promising new field of research. Preface Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its related disclosures have been on the research agenda since many years. The CSR-research was stimulated by the hopes that society could benefit from it (Margolis and Walsh 2003). The more than 30-year search for a relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) has not brought much consistent proof of any clear motive for corporations to get involved in CSR.
Introduction: For decades, people have taken great interest in leadership. Survey results showed that leadership is the most important topic in organizational behavior study (Rahim, 1981). Over 100 leadership definitions have been defined (Rost, 1991) and many studies and research on leadership style have been developed since early trait theory was published. However, no strong, consistent relationships between leader behaviors and employee work performance has ever been found (Howell et al., 1990). In my opinion, I think that leadership style does have an impact on subordinates’ performance.
The result is what well-known Harvard professor Howard Gardner called "one of the most important initiatives in psychology of the past half century," the 816-pageCharacter Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Through their research Peterson and Seligman discovered that personal strengths and virtues were more universal than they - or their colleagues - expected. One result was their list of two dozen character strengths, grouped within six broad areas of virtue. The Criteria What qualifies as a personal character strength, and how do you know if one is really yours? The researchers discuss many aspects of their methods and those of scientific psychology in the past.
Old Spice The power of advertising has never had a reach so far as it has over the last decade. Billions of dollars every year are thrown the ways of writers and directors to create an appeal to audiences everywhere in hopes consumers will purchase their product and stay on board for repeat business. This is especially critical for companies such as Proctor and Gamble to do with older brands such as Old Spice. Having been around for over seventy years, Old Spice was in need of a campaign that would not only appeal to the purchasing audience, but also to revamp the image of such a staple in the hygiene industry. The advertising drive of 2010 featured the hit slogan “The man your man could smell like” (OldSpice, 2010).