Liberalism Vs. Realism

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Liberalism and realism are the two most dominant ideologies in international politics. Realism is the older ideology, and dates back to ancient Greece,1 while liberalism has its roots mainly in enlightenment thinkers.2 Both ideologies are based on very fundamental assumptions about human nature. These assumptions lead to their respective moral and societal values. Realism is generally pessimistic and believes the focus of global politics is in individual states fighting for security and power; liberalism is generally optimistic and believes that international peace and cooperation can be achieved through institutions that create cohesion between people and states.3 Obviously, both ideologies have very legitimate reasons for their global outlooks, but both cannot explain all international politics on their own. There are various exceptions and anomalies that defy the beliefs of both, which is to be expected. These limitations are likely rooted in flaws in their understandings of human nature, which has now become a much more objective concept. Realism, however, is still much more accurate in describing the behaviour of individual states and their interaction in global politics. Because of their flawed assumptions about human nature, both ideologies are not absolute in their analyses of international politics on the individual level, the state level, and the global level; however, realism is generally the more accurate ideology. On the individual level, both realism and liberalism make very outdated assumptions about human nature. Human nature has been one of the main issues that philosophers have considered throughout history, and an understanding of human nature is obviously the basis of any political ideology. Realists claim that human beings are innately violent and selfish; 1 Charles W. Kegley, Jr. and Shannon L. Blanton, World Politics: Trend
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