This results in the man having more power over the woman as he is the individual working and bringing an income, enabling him to make the decisions whereas the woman would have no power for this to happen. In relation to having an income, feminists see the workplace as another place in which inequalities occur. ‘The Glass Ceiling’ is a phrase commonly used by feminists. It is related to women and their careers and how they are able to see promotion but are not going to be considered as they are women. This is highlighted in the report ‘Sex and authority in the workplace: the causes of sexual inequality’, Wendy C. Wolf
Anne Oakley argues that we still live in a patriarchal (male dominated) society, and therefore women occupy a subordinate and dependant role within the family and wider society. Overall it could therefore be argued that rather than partners becoming more equal, women now have to carry a ‘dual burden’, whereby she is responsible for two jobs of unpaid or paid labour. Factors such as patriarchy and conforming to a gender script will lead to these divisions. It could be argued that the money management within a family has an effect on the
This was introduced by the Labour party, who Lewis argues have taken on the idea of ‘social investment in children’ seriously and have realised family forms are changing. The Labour party have introduced a number of laws, attempting to strengthen the family unit. They were mainly concerned on helping the social and economic position of women, for example, marital rape was made illegal in 1991 by the Labour party. The rights of children have also been improved by the labour party due to the children’s act of 1989. New right thinkers however; believe that these laws undermine the traditional male dominance in families, but many believe these new policies for women and children strengthen the family rather than weaken it.
If it is a result of implicit discrimination due to lifestyle choices, then women’s lower earnings result from the fact that women take more time off when having children or choose to work fewer hours. If it is explicit discrimination, then the gender pay gap is a result of stereotypical beliefs. There is a debate as to what extent this is the result of gender differences, implicit discrimination due to lifestyle choices, or because of explicit discrimination. If it is a result of gender differences, then the pay gap is not a problem; men are simply better equipped to perform more valuable work than women. If it is a result of implicit discrimination due to lifestyle choices, then women's lower earnings result from the fact that women typically take more time off when having children or choose to work fewer hours.
Radical feminists believe that the family plays a major role in maintaining the oppression of women in a male-dominated society. Germaine Greer (2000) argues that even in marriage today women remain subservient to their husbands. Marxist feminists believe that the family benefits the capitalist system and in doing so exploits women. Margaret Benston (1972) claims that wives
Duty of self is more important than duty to others People who lives in different times have different values. However, the 19th century’s playwright Ibsen, the writer of “A Doll’s House”, had a modern thought. In that play, Ibsen looks critically at 19th century beliefs, and in particular, the ways that society limits an individuals personal growth and freedom. Also, all the laws are in favour to men, it gives more obligation and rights than women. During that time, the expected role of men and women are different, men were expected to be a bread winner and women just expected to be a house wife.
Modernization throughout the time period is a factor of the advancement of civil rights for women since separate spheres, which was an ideology where men belonged in the public sphere that refers to the world of politics, economy and law. Where as women belonged in the private sphere where it included domestic work, child caring, housekeeping and religious education. Some Women did go against the ideology by working in a men dominated environment e.g. Politics. Activism by women was not the most important factor in advancing civil rights in certain issues and it would disagree with the judgment.
When? 129. What is "feminism?" 130. Describe different feminist approaches to gender inequality including liberal, socialist, radical and multiracial.
Collins does take issue however with such an exclusionary tone. To Collins, and the authors she looks to for guidance and affirmation, a more all-encompassing vision of Black feminism must be conceptualized. Collins assimilates numerous Black female writers and intellectuals into the fold of this more holistic definition. Collins settles on "a process of self- conscious struggle that empowers women and men to actualize a humanist vision of community." The core themes that are at the base of Collins development of Black feminist thought are addressed in the majority of the book.
13p. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.258. George Town Journal of Gender & the Law. 2007 Annual Review, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p235-249.