The sun's light and heat are less concentrated at higher latitudes. In addition, at the equator the sunlight travels straight down through the atmosphere, but near the poles it travels through a thicker layer air where more of the light is reflected, absorbed, or scattered and less reaches the ground. This is why the equator is hot and the poles are cold. Because of the great quantity of heat delivered to the equator it is a zone of warm, rising air. It absorbs much water vapour from the oceans and land vegetation through evaporation.
Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. As this happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This cycle results in a continous circulation pattern and heat is transfered to cooler
Normal conditions, before El Nino events occur, strong trade winds move surface waters westward. As this occurs the water becomes warmer. When water becomes warmer it causes the air to rise and cool causing torrential rainfall. When El Nino occurs there a warm upper ocean layer, which is poor in nutrients and a cold lower ocean layer, which is rich in nutrients. The cold water is brought when the surface current flows westward in a process known as upwelling.
Because they reflect solar energy back into space they have a cooling effect on the world. The greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is also produced however the CO2 produced is insignificant when compared to emissions created by humans. (see also featured article - Do Volcanoes cause climate change) Ocean current - The oceans are a major component of the climate system. Ocean currents move vast amounts of heat across the planet. Winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns.
Some of the radiation are absorbed, reflected or scattered, while the rest reaches the surface and warms the land and the oceans. Because the earth’s surface is cooler than the sun, the earth emits long-wave, largely infra red, terrestrial radiation back to the atmosphere where much is absorbed by greenhouse gases since these gases are more efficient in trapping long wave radiation. Some of the greenhouse gases include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chloro-fluoro carbons and ozone. When these gases in the atmosphere absorb terrestrial radiation, they warm, but eventually they radiate this energy away. Some of this long wave terrestrial radiation travels upward, where it may be reabsorbed by other gas molecules.
But that is not true due to the fact that if ghosts would cause a temperature difference they would have to cause a temperature increase due to the fact that they increase the energy in the atmosphere causing the kinetic energy in the atmosphere to increase and temperature is the average amount of kinetic energy in an area. “Cold spots are small self-contained air pockets that feel colder than the ambient temperature; they have been recorded between 10-40 degrees lower than the ambient air. They are usually found in the location at the approximate time of a manifestation. Witnesses frequently describe cold spots, or relate that they felt a chill upon entering the area {of a manifestation}. It is theorized that these cold spots are the result of the manifestation using the heat energy of the surrounding air as fuel” (Ghosts of Earth).
At lower temperatures magma is viscous and as the temperature rises the material becomes less viscous and flows more easily. The higher the silicon oxygen content, the higher the viscosity. Silicon and oxygen combine and form strands, chains and sheets which also makes flow more difficult. The location of the volcano also plays a big role in how destructive it will be. At divergent plate boundaries you have high mafic temperatures and very thin crust so gases are unable to get trapped.
What the Mountain Environment is like? (Weather) The climate is not the same throughout the biome (community) because there are places nearer to the equator than others. The Andes are separated into three natural regions: the southern, central, and northern regions. In the northern region, it is hotter because it is closest to the equator. There are rain forests in this region, due to the more humid, rainy climate.
Together these things work to create ocean currents that help in the overall vitality on our earth dynamic surface. Wind is one of the largest indicators for ocean currents. It works by circulating differential heating around the world helped by our equators warm belt, our poles cold points, and the Corialis effect. The Corioles effect is the deflection of moving objects when they are viewed in a rotating reference frame. Our rotating reference frame is the earth, and its large mass and slow rotations the force is quite small.
Like the circulation of air, the circulation of the world's oceans is important in the latitudinal redistribution of energy. Warm ocean currents are corridors of warm water moving from the tropics poleward where they release energy to the air. Cold ocean currents are corridors of cold water moving from higher latitudes toward the equator. They absorb energy received in the tropics thus cooling the air above. A distinct correlation between the pattern of ocean currents and the air circulation above them can be made.