==> NaHCO3(aq.) + NaCl(aq.) We will standardize the HCl solution to use it in the titration. The standardization will come as a result of the 1:1 molar ratio above. Thus, the molarity of the HCl solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of HCl by the volume of HCl (in liters) used to neutralize the Na2CO3 .
Discussion & Conclusion In this experiment we learned how to synthesize the cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. We procedure the first step where we have to mix the components. Then we heat the R.B.F with a fractionating column, distilled water. Then we obtained the layers, and we transferred the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask. We added anhydrous Sodium Sulfate as a drying agent.
ABSTRACT In the “Density, Accuracy, Precision and Graphing” experiment, the purpose was to determine the density of water and the concentration of a saline solution as well as to compare the accuracy and precision of a graduated cylinder and a graduated pipet. Based on the instructions of the lab manual, Fundamentals of Chemistry, the experiment was performed in three parts, Part A: Density of Water-The density of water was calculated by measuring the mass of three different volumes: 10mL, 30mL and 50mL. Part B: Accuracy and Precision was performed using a 100mL beaker, 10mL graduated pipet and deionized water. The experiment was performed three times; each time, 10mL of water was added to the beaker and recalculated. Part C: Density of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Solution, a sample of NaCl was obtained and measured using a 100mL beaker and a 10mL pipet to determine the concentration of the solution.
Hydrate Lab The purpose of this lab is to analyze the percent water in a crystalline hydrate and to indentify the hydrate from a list of possible unknowns. The solid hydrate will be heated to remove the water, and the percent can be found by measuring the mass of the solid before and after heating. The hydrate will be indentified by comparing the percent water in the hydrate with the percent water calculated for the possible unknown. Before the lab there are pre-lab questions: 1. Describe the three general safety rules for working with a Bunsen burner.
Use a calorimeter to measure the temperature change in each of three reactions. Calculate the heat of reaction, ∆H, for the three reactions. Use the results to confirm Hess’s law. Ev al Figure 1 ua tio Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) + H+(aq) ) + Cl–(aq) → H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ∆H3 = ? n (3) Solutions of aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react to form water and aqueous sodium chloride.
Use one table for the pure water and one table for the salt solution. Make two graphs of your data. On one graph plot the data from the pure water. On the other graph plot the data from the salt solution. On both plot temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
Creating a Precipitate Lab Julia Wu Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to use Calcium Chloride and Magnesium Sulfate to produce 2.00 grams of precipitate. Materials: calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, two beakers, two flasks, funnel, and filter paper. Procedure: Write the balanced equation for Calcium Chloride and Magnesium Sulfate. Calculate how much of each reactant is needed to produce 2.00 grams of precipitate. Once you have calculated the amount of each reactant, proceed to the lab table and retrieve the following equipment: two graduated cylinders, two beakers, two flasks, funnel, and filter paper.
Micro – scale Reduction of a Ketone to an Alcohol: Benzophenone to Diphenylmethanol with Sodium Borohydride Abstract: Purpose of experiment 2.1 was to perform reduction reaction of benzophenone to diphenylmethanol with sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The reducing agent was used in excess to ensure complete reduction of the carbonyl group. The product was isolated as a solid by filtration and its purity was checked using Thin Layer Chromatography with different ratios of mixture of polar and non – polar solvents and by checking its melting point, which was 520C - 620C. Infra – Red spectroscopy was not performed, however previously printed graphs were compared and analysed based on tables in Chemistry Laboratory Manual. Purpose of the Experiment: To produce diphenylmethanol from the reduction of benzophenone by using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent.
ACID RAIN 1.) Define Acid Precipitation: Acid precipitation is a term used to describe any precipitation (rain, snow, fog) that has become acidic from reacting with compounds in the atmosphere. Acid precipitation forms when certain pollutants, most importantly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, combine with water in the atmosphere before falling to earth. Acid precipitation has a pH less than 5.6 which is the normal pH of rain. 2.)
Acid Rain Components and pH Acid rain is formed by the combination of rain water with certain components such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides, and other chemicals. Acid rain is measured using a scale called “pH.” The lower a substance's pH, the more acidic it is. Pure water has a pH of 7.0. However, normal rain is slightly acidic because carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves into it forming weak carbonic acid, giving the resulting mixture a pH of approximately 5.6 at typical atmospheric concentrations of CO2. As of 2000, the most acidic rain falling in