Kinetic Study of Cod Removal from Palm Oil Refinery Effluent (Pore) by Using Uv/Fenton Process

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH Over the last few decades, the Malaysian palm oil industry has grown to become a very important agriculture-based industry, where the country is today the world’s leading producer and exporter of palm oil. Indigenous to Africa, the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has been domesticated from the wilderness and transformed to become a plantation-based industry. During the late 1950s the expansion of the industry started as part of government’s diversified cautious policy from rubber to oil palm and also to raise the socio-economic status of the expanding population in the country. Today, Malaysia is the world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil, replacing Nigeria as the chief producer since 1971. Malaysia is blessed with favorable weather conditions which prevail throughout the year which is advantageous for palm oil cultivation (Sumiani, 2006). World production of palm oil, the most widely traded edible oil, has also seen significant leaps in production and planted areas; production has almost doubled from 1990 to 2010, with Malaysia and Indonesia contributing to most of the increased production. This has been achieved mainly by opening of new land for oil palm plantations. In Malaysia, the area planted with the said crop has increased from 2.03 million hectares in 1990 to 3.50 million hectares in 2001, an increase of 172%. In Indonesia, 1.8 million hectares have been planted with oil palm from 1990 to 2009 (McCarthy et al., 2012). There are two main products produced by the oil palm fruit namely crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO). CPO is obtained from the mesocarp and CPKO is obtained from the endosperm (kernel). Malaysia exported a record of 9.2 million tons, or 65% of global palm oil exports. Palm oil export alone contributed to RM14.42 billion or 75.1% of the total export

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