Memories are a way of recalling ones personal experiences. Whether a positive or negative nature they form who we are as individuals. History is the recorded experiences and events which have occurred in the past. There is a strong entwinement between history and memory and this allows the inconsistencies of personal memories to influence the credibility of human history. This is reflected in Denise Levertov’s poems’ ‘Ways of conquest’ and ‘In Thai Bin (peace) Province’.
1. How would you define “Frozen Preferences” and what is the impact of this concept on strategy formulation, alternative analysis and recommendation? • Managers don’t like to make major strategic changes once decisions have been made (except in the case of overwhelming evidence) as they will look unprepared and ineffective and their creditability is damaged • Frozen preferences o Management has made a decision and over time analysis shows that their decision may not be the best choice o However they feel compelled to maintain their current strategy even if it is not the best course of action. • As management preferences becomes a larger part of the organization (personnel changes, budgets etc), it becomes more and more difficult to change direction. o A tendency to avoid reversing changes even if it was not the best choice o In reality, past expenditures are sunk costs and the organization should use a clean slate to look at new choices, but to the manager, this will come at great personal loss.
As pleasant as they are to read, diaries and the information they provide are often hard to interpret. When looking into diaries there a several questions historians would have to ask and look into in detail to see the importance of the diary, the relevance of the diary and how useful it will be to them. The first thing historians would look into is who wrote the diary as they would need to know whether it belonged to a famous historical person or an unknown, whether the diarist was a participant in some major historical events, such as the civil war in America or the second world war. It is important to know what the diarists gender is as well social class or social circumstances and profession as that could also have an effect on the diarists perspective towards the different events that could have occurred In the time period they were a part of. The period in time in which the diary is written is very important to historians as they would need to know if it was written during a major historical event as if it were it could be of more importance as well as value.
It is about change. I am not particularly drawn to either method but I can see that they both have their uses. An existential approach would be of little help to a person deeply in debt and refusing to open their post, as to accept that situation would be foolish. I think in a situation where change is required such as in the example given, the cbt approach would be more helpful, as it is about setting goals and making change. However, the cbt approach would not be as helpful to a person who had experienced a situation in their lives that they had no choice but to accept, they were struggling.
2. What is historiography? Historiography is the writing of history, such as a paper on theories, explanations, and events based on historical things. 3. What is “event history” or “history from above?” What is “history from below?” Compare/contrast the two and discuss how this may affect one’s perspective of history.
According to hard determinism we are not free in the sense required for moral responsibility, and therefore, what happens cannot be affected by choices that are free in the sense. But what happens may nevertheless be caused by the decisions we chose and the choices we make. A reaction to hard determinism is that if it were true, we would have no reason to attempt to accomplish anything, to try and improve our lives because our decisions and choices would make no difference. If everything we do is pre determined then why try hard to achieve anything, if you are meant to do a certain something, it will happen, it is already determined for you, so the hard determinist would say. In the hard determinist’s judgement, this feeling of freedom is an illusion.
In the end, ask yourself which is most significant to you and do you have enough information to write about. That will be your overall choice to write your biography about. Your audience is unknown while writing a biography so choose information that is both relevant and interesting. People who are fans or most interested in the person you are writing about will most likely be your audience for your biography. Write about information that is most significant in someone’s life that has made them important to history or society.
However, that does not mean one must follow every unwritten rule, tradition, belief, or what is acceptable to society, family, and friends. Disobeying rules from time to time, as long as it helps a greater cause, should not be viewed as wrong should it? Obeying rules does not always help an individual either. Right-doers sometimes suffer, while wrong-doers sometimes succeed. Who is that fair to, the one who
However, it could be his good days. For that person, it seems that nothing can go wrong and nobody wants to bet against him. This is not a valid application of inductive reasoning. The idea of a lucky strike is an illusion. It does not mean that now we have to reject the idea of all inductive reasoning.
These ‘approaches’ are called ways of knowing. The ways of knowing are reason, perception, emotion, and language. We use ways of knowing to perceive, understand, and think about the past and the future. Our approach to knowledge about the past and our approach to knowledge about the future are very similar, but yet very different. Our approach to knowledge about the past is generally based on analysis of events that had already happened.