M4–Analyse the reasons why costs need to be controlled to budget In this assignment I will analyse the reasons why costs need to be controlled to budge. If costs are not measured by Debenhams then their profits will be badly affected therefore budgeting is one process to regulate costs as it gives the organisation an approximation or a target on what their cost and revenue should be. A business has to budget and control expenditure in order to see what has been received and paid out, otherwise unrestrained spending could occur and decline could happen. One of the difficulties that could occur if costs are not controlled to budget is: high fixed cost per item which decreases businesses profit and ability to compete. Debenhams are very effective at controlling its costs to budget as the results were good for sales revenue throughout 2013.
It is important to recognize the regulation impact statement that is not prepared in connection with the issuance of AASB 13 as the amendments made are minor in nature. What can make AASB is adoption of a wider scope of proposed issues. Some of these issues are write-downs of sound assets required under the current implementation of fair-value accounting which adversely affect market sentiment. The provision on AASB should accommodate well the write-downs margin that impacts in a downward spiral that may lead to large-scale fire-sales of assets, and destabilizing, pro-cyclical feedback effects. These damaging feedback effects worsen liquidity problems and contribute to the conversion of liquidity problems into solvency
As an auditor, understanding and testing internal control over financial requires knowledge of standards applicable to the corporation established by GAAP or IFRS. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires mandatory reporting on internal controls by management and independent auditors. To obtain a system of internal control as mandated by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley, policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance of the companies’ effort in achieving its objectives and goals. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
This account can be the target of fraud in the organization because it can be intentionally misstated and violate the accuracy assertions. Employees can easily misstate the amounts that a fundraising event actually cost the organization and pocket the discrepancies. The auditor should do analytical procedures and substantive tests in order to detect these misstatements. Additionally this account should be analyzed and compared to the bills the organization has on file. The final account that is on the balance sheet under the net assets and fund balances of the balance sheet would be the unrestricted net assets account.
At this point, sales are virtually diminished, pricing is considerably offset from market trends, and the ability to maintain a level of profitability becomes a major challenge. An organization can put forth efforts in the attempt to reverse, or otherwise avoid, the decline stage by a few idealogic strategies, all of which are designed to readapt and conform to newly enhanced demands by the industry and its respective consumers. Most importantly, an organization can empower itself to readapt and act in a proactive manner by analyzing market trends and determining the future scope of a certain type of product or service within a reasnable timeframe prior to the onset of saturation and declination. Perhaps it would be in the best interest of an organization to produce/ provide a product of similar fashion, yet a unique alternative, before actually retiring or discontuing a product. For production to end indefinitely of a specific good, an alternative must be researched, produced, and introduced into the marketplace at the same time to create an equilibrium of market introduction of one product and declination of another.
Creating a budget will allow Guillermo to know the exact amount of money that he has to allocate to specific expenses. “Performance reports provide feedback by comparing results with plans and by highlighting variances, which are deviations from plans.” (Horngren at el. 2008, p. 13) Guillermo can use performance reports to determine if changes that he makes positively or negatively affect his bottom line. By using both budgets and performance reports Guillermo should be able to outline a plan that will balance company/organizational goals, personal goals, and maintain profitability. Ethics Influence Regulations and standards such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Foreign Corrupt
There are four gain contingencies that will result in an asset or reduction of a liability. This includes receipts of any money that are received from gifts or donations, refunds from the government when there are resolved tax disputes, any court cases that are pending and where the outcome is in favor of the company, and any tax loss for carry forwards. Since our client is facing a lawsuit there are three factors that they should place on their financial statement. This includes, “the time period in which the underlying cause of action occurred, the probability of an unfavorable outcome, and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of the loss” (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2013). If there is a loss that needs to be reported it needs to be done within the financial statement.
The management must be very careful to follow the regulatory and the accounting rules that govern the use of future contract. • Options : call and put options can be use to limit the loss. • Securitization:
Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Sharon Tucker HCS/405 May 13, 2013 Elizabeth Caissie Abstract The implementation of financial reporting and ethical standards are crucial for the growth and progression of an organization. Reporting fairly and accurate data will help control measurements that may address theft and/or fraud within the structure. Ethical standards are vital for the development in an organization’s set rules and policies in having quality in the services provided including integrity, values, and delivering effective outcomes in honesty. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are set guidelines which indicate rules, regulations, and procedures that are implemented for the maintenance and/or monitoring records. An organization that provides a financial statement to the public, investors or government funding entities must follow the set standards developed by Financial Accounting standards Board (FASB).
Used the budget to control performance and expenditure. I would measure budget performance, you need to monitor the extent to which budget estimates match actual results. This helps ensure financial control and identify where change is required. Monitoring budget accuracy is the responsibility of all managers. Effective monitoring of budget performance requires that managers be provided with relevant, timely and accurate information appropriate to their level of responsibility.