-The interplay between heredity, biology, and the social environment provides the nexus for any realistic consideration of crime causation. • 2. What biological factors does this lesson suggest might substantially influence human aggression? -Like Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, Konrad Lorenz in the twentieth century proposed that aggression is found throughout the animal kingdom and is also inherent in human beings. -Lorenz also claimed that instinct provides motivation and direction to human thought, and that humans value
Is it intelligence that determines the animal’s self-worth and right to live, or is it that animals may possess the same if not identical Neuroanatomy of humans? Suzuki’s primary question examines if the rational behind animal testing is that these animals are dissimilar to human beings; therefore, pain can be inflicted upon these animals without guilt. Suzuki purposes, whether or not the animals need be so close to the human species for the results to be meaningful; Suzuki furthers this inquiry, through his demonstration of logos and ethos. When Suzuki explains the research he has conducted on fruit flies as an alternative to the more commonly used mammals;
Our environment shapes how our genes affect us though. Genes work in mysterious ways and we may not enjoy what the give to us. Good or bad, genes are what turn on nurture so our environment can shape who we are, how we behave, and possibly who we love. Ridley certainly backs his theories with much evidence and this book strongly displays his opinion of how nature brings about nurture. From the text, I gathered that Ridley wrote The Agile Gene from a biological perspective of psychology.
Ethology refers to an animal’s behavior. Behavior is a result of a detectable change in the animal’s internal or external environment. These responses may be chemical or physical. The non-human primate is our closest relative, and to get a better understanding of our biological origins we study their behavior. Ethologist Niko Tinbergen, observed animals in their natural conditions and manipulated those conditions to learn how they respond.
Human Growth & Development Behaviorism vs. Ecological Systems Theory There are many ways in which the behaviorist and the ecological theory of development are similar and ways in which they are different. While behaviorism focuses on a narrow, cause and effect process of development, ecological systems theory puts forth that development takes place within the interplay of biological, familial, societal and governmental forces. On the subject of “nature versus nurture” they are essentially in agreement and fall on the side of nurture however, ecological theory goes deeper into the sources of that “nurture”. In the behaviorist model, the assumption is that we come into the world an unformed ball of clay and are then molded by positive or negative feedback, or as behaviorist B.F. Skinner terms it “reinforcement”. Ecological systems theory recognizes that both nature and nurture work together to form behavior.
The nature or nurture debate is concerned the with the contributions of genetic inheritance, and environmental factors to human development. The nature theory says, although traits such as as eye and hair colour and genetics diseases are determined by genes, that there are also different qualities, for example, Intelligence, Personality, Homosexuality. Some others would say that, we learn or discovers all them above. We learn and improve our intelligences, we probably inherit certain personality traits from the things/people around us and some people may be curious of their preferences,
A few of those examples includes: Humans, findings of fossil records, record finding of changes in existing species, and biochemical and anatomical similarities. 2. Humans shape their environment in ways that other organisms cannot. Are humans subject to the same pressures of natural selection as other organisms? Why?
In our matrix we will discuss Allport’s psychology of the individual theory, and the trait and factor theory. Both theories express how personality can change personalities and, the different associations that we have over time. Allport’s theory, psychology of the individual, sees human personality different from psychoanalytical and behavioral views. Allport believed that individual’s personality and behavior were not only determined by experiences stored in the unconscious but also by conscious decisions made in the present (Feist & Feist, 2009). Allport also believed that humans are not only organisms that react to rewards and punishment instead humans can interact with the environment and vice versa (Feist & Feist, 2009).
1974) born an inter-sexed boy, shows the influence of physiology. The gender-neutral theory of John Money meant the boy was reassigned and raised as a girl, but the experiment did not go according to plan as David’s behaviour remained masculinised. Such a case demonstrates that psychosexual development is not determined by external genitalia and socialisation but by chromosomes and hormones. This case raised a number of ethical issues such as psychological harm. However behaviour is not the result of biological systems alone, it is also important to consider how the environment and cognition may interact with biological systems and affect physiology.
Next is the social cognitive theory, created by Albert Bandura. The cognitive social theory is the belief that people are flexible enough to learn from behaviors, people can regulate their own lives, people can control the nature and quality of their own lives, people can control their own behavior through external and internal factors, and when people are morally misunderstood they try to blame someone else or not take responsibility for the action or behavior (Feist & Feist, p. 478). The final theory is the cognitive social learning theory by Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel. Their theory is the belief that cognitive factors influence the way people respond to environmental forces (Feist & Feist, p.