To what extent did the Liberals, Conservatives, IPP, the Ulster Unionists and the Southern achieve their political objectives during the Home Rule crisis of 1912-14? During the third Home Rule bill crisis of 1912-1914 there was many differing objectives among those who lived in Ireland and those in Westminster who governed Ireland. The Liberal Party and the Irish Parliamentary Party, otherwise known as the IPP, wanted Home Rule for all of Ireland. However the Conservative Party and Ulster and Southern Unionists wanted to prevent Home Rule completely. Home Rule for Ireland meant that an Independent Irish Parliament would stand in Dublin to govern Irish affairs, still having an Irish representation in Westminster, whilst Westminster would govern all issues to do with the crown, defence and imperial government.
How far do sources 1,2 and 3 suggest that the main obstacle to solving the Irish national problem was religion? Source 1 is from the Fenians who were extreme nationalists and Catholics meaning the source is going to be bias from the Catholic point of view. It was issued in 1867 the same year Gladstone came to power. The source begins with a quote ‘An alien aristocracy seized our lands and all material wealth and trampled on our rights and liberties’. This source tell us that the Irish believed the English Protestants had no reason to be in Ireland and the only reason they were there was as an oppressive power.
Gladstone’s main goal was to pacify Ireland and he was the first British politician to tackle the unfair way in which Ireland was run. Firstly the Disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland, removed a major grievance for the Irish people. As only 12% of the population were part of the Anglican Church, yet they still had to pay tariffs towards it, Gladstone felt this was wrong and unacceptable. He felt it was unfair on the people in Ireland, and there was need for action after the Nationalist Fenian activity in 1867. The terms of the Act meant the Church was disestablished and disowned, leaving it to govern itself.
There were 3 resolutions put forward and the third one which was in relation to including Catholics in reform that was achieved was defeated. It was in response to the attitudes by the Dissenters that An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics of Ireland was written and published in 1791. This pamphlet which was one of the most revolutionary of his time had brought Wolfe Tone 'into immediate relations' with the principal Catholic leaders in Dublin. The document was aimed at the Ulster Dissenters. Tone wanted to convince the dissenters that they along with the Catholics had but one common
S7 also highlights the importance of the conscription crisis, which can be argued to be a result of British ignorance, or the manipulation and stirring up by the revolutionary party Sinn Fein which also had a key role in the conflict. Finally it can also be argued that other factors were involved, which allowed the Irish conflict to be triggered, such as the failure of Home Rule and the breakdown of the IPP particularly during the Ulster Crisis, and after the Easter Rebellion of 1914. To an extent, it can be argued that the main cause of the Anglo-Irish conflict of 1919-21 was nationalist extremism. Hepburn asses that 'their [extremists] first opportunity' arose during the Ulster Crisis, in events such as the Larne gun-running incident April 1914, which ultimately resulted a race between extreme nationalists and Ulster Unionists to become armed . The source describes how the extremists then spiralled
The declaration is a written claim that the colonists formed an independent state and that they could not be controlled by Britain any longer. Thus, it is a document equated with freedom, a concept that was strongly supported by
The Declaration of Independence is one of the greatest political documents in history due to its powerful and distinctive combination of universal principles and also an abstract theory of government. The Declaration of Independence had a huge effect on the U.S, it confirmed the United States free from Britain rule, it united the North and the South since at the time America was divided in two because of the American Civil War, and it expressed the basic principles on which the U.S government should be based off of. America was instituted on the First Principle that the safety of unalienable rights is the legitimate purpose of government, and that government ought to be limited so that it cannot rule over the people of its country. The Declaration
“I know of no country in which there is so little independence of mind and real freedom of discussion as in America.” - Alexis de Tocqueville. After the horrific and devastating World War II, independence was in high demand. Many independence movements along with revolutions, stopped colonization and imperialism and shaped the present world. These movements and revolutions needed strong leaders to create change. Many were against Nationalism such as Communists, causing rises for independence and unification.
Source C is a speech by the leader of the Irish Nationalists John Redmond. Source C says " the idea of two nations in Ireland is revolting and hateful" From this we are able to see the extremist view he has and his strong views towards the exclusion of ulster from the home rule bill. Redmond wanted the whole of Ireland independent, we know this from when the source says " The proposed exclusion of Ulster would mean the disintegration of our nation for all time" by this Redmond is saying that by separating ireland it would make them beyond repair and would cause them to crumble. Therefore Source C is showing the extremist view of the Irish Nationalists. Redmond had been fighting for the home rule bill to be passed.
How is the growth of Sinn Fein, from fringe revolutionary organization to provisional government, best explained? The growth of Sinn Fein from a fringe revolutionary organization to a provision government can be put down to a multitude of factors, including tactics taken, its anti-war stance, its association with the Easter Rising and the poor policies of the British Government. These allowed the organization to play the rest of Great Britain and Ireland and ultimately raise national consciousness for themselves, and consequently becoming and provisional government. The tactics employed by the Sinn Fein movement was vital in their growth to becoming a provisional government. The act of tactical and dubious voting was an essential part of the tactics used by Sinn Fein to sustain growth into a substantial political group.