These being linguistic, logical and some factors of spatial intelligence. Other aspects of intelligence included in his theory, which intelligence tests allegedly ignore, include; musical, logical-mathematic, bodily-kinaesthetic, personal, and more familiar linguistic intelligence (Neisser, 1996). Gardner even goes as far to claim that although current psychometric tests measure linguistic, logical and spatial intelligence, the fact that they are pencil and paper tests limit the scope of the measurement. This means that the tests may not measure a persons actual ability in the real world, such as their ability to navigate around a town (spatial ability), or to give a speech (linguistic ability) (Neisser, 1996). Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence also questions the scope of standard intelligence tests (Neisser, 1996).
Outline and critically assess the differing ways that intelligence has been portrayed. Present arguments for the model you consider to be the stronger. Support your view with reference to a range of theories and supporting evidence. Intelligence is an aspect of human nature that throughout years of discussion, research and debate, has been the topic of many of the world’s greatest thinkers. However, it has no clear definition in which a mutual consensus has been agreed.
One uses a qualitative method and the other a quantitative one. The qualitative study is rich in detail but, for those of a quantitative disposition, it lacks sufficient quantitative information. We are not told, for example, what proportion of the students involved are men or women, traditional-entry or mature, and what disciplines they are studying. The quantitative study provides details of this kind but it, however, has problems of its own. Internal inconsistencies in the study reveal that the validity of some of the findings is questionable.
Intelligence has remained one of humanity’s greatest debates of all time. Every individual seems to view intelligence in a unique way, which makes it difficult just to find a satisfactory definition of intelligence. In general, intelligence encompasses cognitive processes such as perceiving, planning and problem solving. One aspect of intelligence that attracts many debates is whether it is innate or shaped by the environment. While some might disagree, numerous researches and reasoning have backed up the idea of intelligence being inherent.
As the name implies, it uses the computer as a metaphor for explaining what intelligence is. Based on this metaphor, scientists made many attempts to figure out whether intelligence can be improved or not. They mainly focused on testing people’s cognitive competencies and thinking and problem-solving skills. However, this kind of studies is difficult to conduct because it requires long-term investment of research subjects. Most results of these attempts indicate that intelligence can be at least temporarily and partly improved.
For centuries scientists’ aim has been to observe not only the physical, but also the mental nature of a human being and its diverse, complex features. While it is clear to everyone that physical appearances are present from the outset, perceptual and intellectual abilities turn out to be not so readily monitored or inferred. Whether the way one perceives the world and the surrounding environment is a cause of an innate ability or is due to learning and experience, has been considered as one of the most controversial and thought-provoking topics in the wide area of psychology. Various findings in support of both naturists’ and nurturists’ view gave rise to a never ending dispute called ‘’Nature versus Nurture’’ which is not even close to being over. Due to a growing interest in infants’ ability to perceive the surrounding world in the early 20th century various research studies and experiments aiming to observe and investigate newborns’ nature were conducted.
Can intelligence change? To what extent is intelligence malleable? Extended Essay: Psychology Name: Candidate number: School: Nörre Gymnasium Word count: 37811 Abstract This essay investigated the research question: To what extent is intelligence malleable? It was necessary to start by presenting the debate on defining intelligence since there is not a complete consensus among psychologists, however, this paper accepted a definition which is generally accepted by respected psychologists; that ‘intelligence is the ability to deal with cognitive complexity’ (Gottfredson, 1998). In presenting and analysing empirical evidence such as Howe (1997) supporting the thesis that intelligence can, in fact, change under the right conditions and given enough time, a strong indication of malleability is provided.
This essay discusses the issues involved in defining and measuring intelligence. It states the different groups of people and how their mental traits are divided to help understand the degree of their intelligence. It also discusses what part culture, age and time frame plays in numerically defining mental abilities and skill set. Theories like the g-factor of numerical values like IQ, and there positive or negative effect on the process of defining and measuring intelligence, are also discussed. The degree and intensity of intelligence is perceived differently through different cultures, religion and age.
One weakness of this method is in the difficulty of controlling for the population that you want to research (1). A second problem is maintaining accuracy in your results as some of the research topics may be taboo or embarrassing for the interviewee to answer
Showing them this supports them in being able to self actualise (fulfil their potential). This theory can be criticised because it is not a very scientific theory (unlike Eysenck’s trait theory). Many of its ideas are vague and difficult to measure objectively because it is very difficult to study a unique individual and work out how they have self actualised, what their self concept and ideal self is. We cannot observe and measure these concepts. Further, the theory focuses on the human as a unique individual and so it is impossible to predict human behaviour.