Babylonia - one of the most widely renowned ancient civilisations to have ever existed. Known for its impressive walls and buildings and its reputation as a great seat of learning and culture the unique lifestyle and cultural beliefs of the Babylonians still interest historians and compel the world to this day, with their vast legacy still standing over 3000 years onwards. In the 2nd millennium BC, Mesopotamia (an ancient cultural region where Babylonia once stood) was known as the ‘Cradle of Civilisation’. Framed by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and the fertile land surrounding, Mesopotamia was a key area for change and development in the ancient Middle East. It included many historically important city states, including Assyria to the north, Elam to the south-east and Babylonia towards the centre.
Amongst all the complex societies and empires, Egypt, Harrapan Society, Greece and Rome were all admirable civilizations who eventually would be in that position of power at one point and time. First, theirs belief that Egyptian and Nubian societies began to take their shape in the valley of the Nile River during the late fourth millennium B.C.. Egyptians also drew on agricultural surpluses to organize formal states and most importantly develop distinctive cultural traditions. Establishing themselves as Kings and great rulers early their were often respected for their great funerary customs which were reflections of a prosperous agricultural society. Their extraordinary use of the Nile River and its cataracts help provide and cultivate the land. Egyptians were now able to take advantage of the Nile’s annual floods.
It has many tributaries but there are two main ones: the White Nile fed by lake Victoria and the Blue Nile coming from Ethiopian mountains. These two main branches join near Khartoum, the capital of Sudan and they continue together as Nile proper until meeting the Mediterranean Sea and forming the Nile delta in northern Egypt. Around 5000 BC, one of the first great civilizations developed in the northern Nile river valley dependent on agriculture in a land called Egypt. Water; Fertile soil; and river's flow north while prevailing wind blows south made the Nile the best transportation way, were examples of the Nile gifts. Another gift is that every year the flood came bringing disaster and famine due to destroying the crops and their villages.
They developed an agriculturally intensive, city-centered empire consisting of numerous independent city-states During this period the Mayas numbered in the millions, they created a multitude of kingdoms and small empires, built monumental palaces and temples, engaged in grandiose ceremonies, and developed an elaborate hieroglyphic writing system. The political, economic, and culturally dominant ‘core’ Mayan units of the Classic Mayan world system were located in the central lowlands, while its corresponding dependent or ‘peripheral’ Mayan units were found along the margins of the southern highland and northern lowland areas. The Maya civilization participated in long distance trade with many of the other Mesoamerican cultures, including Teotihuacan, the Zapotec and other groups in central and gulf-coast Mexico, as well as with more distant, non-Mesoamerican groups, for example the Taínos in the Caribbean. Archeologists have also found gold from Panama in the Sacred Cenote of Chichen Itza. [12] Important trade goods included cacao, salt,seashells, jade and obsidian.
Life was good to those lucky enough to be born into Mayan nobility during the classic period. With their high social standing determined at birth, Mayan royalty enjoyed the best food, clothing, housing and trade goods available. In fact, entire cities such as Copán and Tikal were built around the palaces of the one hundred or so royal families who oversaw all religious rituals and the administration of royal business. Warrior chiefs, priests, and bureaucrats who were often relatives surrounded the nobles, and teams of
Technology of Ancient Egypt 4000 years ago a kingdom rich in technology and light years ahead for its time was born. This kingdom was called Egypt. The advancements in technology allowed Egypt to excel in other areas such as art, religion, and architecture. Ancient Egypt is renown for its astonishing feats of diverse architectural technology, technological advancements in astronomy such as calendars and farming equipment like the shaduf. The desert dwelling dynasty of Egypt was considered the “bread basket” of the middle east.
Rocks were very durable and easily accessible no matter where they were. At first in 1500 B.C. Chinese was written on turtle shell and animal bones and later on they began to write on bronze vessels and bamboo scrolls. These bones were maintained as historical
They controlled the calendar and the planting of crops and presided over the religious festivals and rituals that honored local deities. Many of Britain's Celts came from Gaul, known as the Belgae, who arrived in great numbers and settled in the southeast around 75 BC, brought with them a sophisticated plough that revolutionized agriculture in the rich, heavy soils of their new lands. Their crafts were highly developed; bronze urns, bowls and torques illustrate their metalworking skills. They also introduced coinage to Britain and conducted a lively export trade with Rome and Gaul, including corn, livestock, metals and
In addition, the other being from 770 B.C. to 221 B.C., which is known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty at the time. The Zhou had a very big part in helping Chinese’s cultivation which steered to the cultural consistency, and there central government. During the Zhou, the country was alienated into the highest ranking to the lower ranking of the commanding officers. Some saw the peasants as a free man, but other saw them as nothing but slaves.
Name Instructor Course Date Module 3: Egyptian Civilization, Mythology and Culture Ancient Egyptian civilization began almost 5000 years ago along the banks of river Nile. Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the most spectacular and fascinating civilization of time, even after it grew into the Greek and Roman civilizations. Ancient Egypt has left traces and preserved themselves more than any other civilization in the world; through the pyramids, Mummies, Papyri, Tomb paintings and death masks that have been preserved by the desert climate to date. [ (Moscovitch) ] The ancient Egyptian history is broken down to Culture, Civilization and Methodology. The Culture of ancient Egypt was born 5000 years ago, and for many centuries powerful rulers called pharaohs ruled the land.