In Your View Is Tess Raped or Seduced, or Is This Binary Description the Wrong Way to Look at the Description of the Issue in the Novel

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Tess of the d’Urbervilles’, written by Thomas Hardy, was first published in 1891 in an illustrated newspaper called “The Graphic”. The only way Hardy could have it printed was as a censored and serialised version of what he had written, largely because it challenged the social views of sex and a females standing in society that were in place at that time. In the novel Tess is involved in an act of sex with Alec D’Urberville. To simplify what happened into black and white; was it rape? or was it seduction? is wrong, as this assumes that there is no other variable other than that Tess said yes to sex, or she didn’t. In my opinion, Tess was a victim of circumstance. To answer the question I will look at female discrimination in society, the influence and background of Tess’ family, the naivety of Tess caught in a situation that she knew nothing about and finally Alec as a forceful and higher class male. Tess Durbeyfield came from a different part of society to Alec; she was of a much lower social class. At the beginning of the novel her father describes himself as “plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler”, he then finds out that rather than being a family of the lowest part of society, they were “a lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urberville”. This is a pivotal moment for Tess. Her family at once want to claim this position, and benefit financially from it. Tess is, in effect their weapon “and my projick is to send Tess to claim kin” as well as her mother giving subtle hints about hoping to marry her into the wealthy side of the family “and don’t go thinking about her making a match for me—it is silly”. From being a happy ‘maiden’ she is thrust into a world and life of which she knows very little “the Vale of Blackmoor was to her the world” “much less had she been far outside the valley”. In this unfamiliar place, Tess would have been

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