These theorists believe erasing vices builds good moral character (Cline, 2012). Utilitarianism relates to normative ethics. This type of ethics stems from the English philosophers John Mill and Jeremy Bentham. The main premise of Utilitarianism is that actions are right if the promotion of happiness arises. Also if the opposite of happiness is a product of personal ethics it is a wrong
Both deontological and teleological ethical systems use opposing ethical guides yet they both have the same aim, to help people make moral decisions. The most well-known teleological ethical system is act utilitarianism devised by Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century, which focuses on achieving the best short-term outcome. As a hedonist, Bentham created a theory that followed a hedonistic approach and so created the principle of utility which he explains in his book "The principles of morals and legislation", is the idea that an action is good if it creates "the greatest good for the greatest number", he came up with the hedonic calculus to guide
Corrie ten Boom was born on April 15, 1892. Before the family moved to Haarlem, her parents owned a small jewelry store in a narrow house in the ghetto of Amsterdam. “The Ten Boom house in Haarlem, North Holland, was a place of refuge even before the Nazis invaded in 1940. In 1918 the ten Boom family took in the first of many children they would unofficially adopt” (New World Encyclopedia). Casper ten Boom took over his father’s watch shop but the store never made a good sum of money because he would often work for free if the costumer was unable to pay.
The word objective immediately brings to mind a state of actual existence, as opposed to simply ideal existence. We normally associate something like a chair or a table with objective reality, and we don’t consider it to have the same nature of existence as say ‘beauty’ or ‘parenthood’, even though most would agree that all these things ‘exist’ in one way or another. Mackie defines something being objective as ‘Being part of the fabric of the world’, i.e. it has an ontological, mind dependant existence. As a further definition, Mackie posits that an objective moral value has the quality of ‘ought-to-be-pursued-ness’, it is something one should or ought do because it contains an inherently normative aspect.
Philosophy in the Real World-Philosophers Kant and Nietzsche Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche are two admirable philosophers from different times with many contributions to philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the key concepts and analyses that comprised each of these philosophers theories, identify and, describe each philosophers contributions to philosophy, describe how the culture and the time period each lived in influenced their ideas, and compare and contract these philosophers thoughts with that of their predecessors. After reading this paper we hope that a deeper understanding of both Kant and Nietzsche is acquired. Kant provided many great theories to philosophy, one of Kant’s key concepts to the idealist philosophy was on time and space has been noted as his best theory. The idea that time and space are merely conditions of our own animalistic instincts combined with intuition and life experiences opens the door to explore ideas of why humans seem to be in such a rush.
While Ethical Naturalists believe it holds great importance as it can convey facts and help us to understand ethical theories, there are those who strongly disagree with this. For example Intuitionists, such as Moore, believe that our intuition is more useful when wanting to know how to act morally than knowing the definitions of ethical terms. Although Non-Cognitive theories disagree with the factual content of ethical statements, it is clear that they still see some significance in ethical language. However rather than seeing it as facts, they accept that morality is subjective and suggest that the importance of ethical language is provided by the emotions conveyed in the phrases used. Perhaps more so than Emotivists, Prescriptivists see ethical language as fairly meaningful.
Assess Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach to ethics, meaning the consequences of an act are what matters. The utilitarian answer as to what to do in any situation is that we should always act to maximise utility. There are two different interpretations of utilitarianism; the positive being that we ought to do that which brings about the greatest happiness of the greatest number and the negative being that we ought to do that which minimises pain or suffering. Utilitarianism is teleological, or goal orienteered, meaning that the end matters more than the means used to achieve the end. The various forms present two major problems; the problem of justice, and the issue of having to predict the consequences of an action.
He had eight sisters and no brothers. In his writings you will find that he loved his parents and had a special relationship with his Mother. He was born in the parsonage in Windsor, Connecticut. His Mother’s father was the extremely powerful and well-respected Solomon Stoddard (also a preacher).5 As any Old Testament scholar would know the name”Jonathan” means “Gift of Jehovah” in Hebrew. He was their only son and studied at the knee of his father.
A person must ultimately make the decision to be “good” in the presences of negative influences, it is what we as a society have determined to be “good” that sets apart the civilized from uncivilized societies. There are several ethical philosophies that hold merit and each has its weaknesses alongside its strengths. Virtue ethics, developed in ancient Greece with proponents such as Plato and Aristotle, is probably one of the most well known of the philosophies for its long history and relatively basic structure. Several other ethical views are built upon the basics set out in virtue ethics. A person inherently has some sort of primitive worldview and code of personal ethics.
Sinnott defines consequentialism as: Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act, such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same