The Suez crisis caused great controversy within Britain and also did a lot to threaten Britain’s world relations, especially with the USA. The Crisis began as a result of Egypt’s Colonel Nasser failing to get funding from the USA for his high dam project which he believed would help Egypt to become a more powerful wealthy nation and bring its industry in line with that of other global powers. Nasser then turned to the Suez Canal for a source of national income. The canal was vital to Britain and France to allow for trade with many eastern countries. Britain had recently removed its troop from the area around the canal, so Nasser decided to nationalise the canal and impose a toll which he could use to fund the dam.
Russia’s greatest naval base in Vebastapol had fallen to Russia’s western enemies and following the Treaty of Paris, a mission which was supposed to conquer the black sea area and take advantage of the weakness of the ottoman empire, resulted in Russia being pushed back and prevented from holding any Russian war ships in the Black Sea area during times of piece. The Treaty of Paris in 1956 also ordered that the Black Sea be made a neutral zone and this caused embarrassment in the people of Russia who feared Russia was beginning to lose its Prestige. The Intelligentsia and those part of the enlightenment began to question the effectiveness of the Serf army with many feeling that the army should be modernized and the enlisting program however this would require communication which due to sheer size of Russia, its lack of railways and technology in general proved issues and were also aspects put down for the war failure. Alexander II felt strongly that it was his duty to enhance
Syria’s lack of national identity has powerfully affected its foreign policy, which can be seen in its strong affiliation with Pan-Arabism. Syria was subjected to French rule until it attained independence in 1946. The name Syria formerly encompassed the entire Levant region however the Syria of today is a much smaller state. The post-independence period was quite unstable with a large amount of military coups leaving Syria under Emergency Law since 1963, which effectively suspends constitutional protections for citizens. The government has justified this by the state of war, which continues to exist with Israel.
Unlike the previous countries, France viewed reason as their end and their ‘new truth’. Thus, France’s attitude on ‘latitudinarian’ is one of disdain. Under the reign of ‘reason’, the French began to overthrow their society rather than make reasonable improvements. There were constant rebellions and overthrow of powers, which led to the Reign of Terror. Conclusion: Although the 3 revolutions were
How far do you agree that the most important reasons for Arab disunity in the years 1945-79 was the self-interest of individual Arab states? Arab disunity | Other | * Arab Israeli wars:-1948 Egypt and Jordan used the war to gain land-1956 Nasser wanted more power-1967 Syria and Lebanon didn’t join the Arab forces-Camp David Egypt were kicked out-Balance could be that they all had a common cause to help Palestine * Iranian revolution-Iran Iraq war * Palestine (PLO)-desire to create the state of Palestine-Lebanese civil war | * Religious differences-Lebanese civil war-Sunni and Shai Muslims * Islamic fundamentalism-Iranian revolution * Western involvement-Camp David * The creation of Israel | the Arab disunity was caused by different factors between the years 1945-79. The self-interest of individual Arab states caused alot of diunity between the Arabs but it wasn't thw only reason. Religious differences and western involvement also created disunity amonst the Arabs. The self-interest of individual Arab states was a major role in the causing of Arab disunity.
When Pope Urban II wrote about “The kingdom of the Greeks” he referred to early Christendom in the Middle East. The Pope also wrote that their kingdom was “dismembered”, which showed the church viewed the rise of Islam as threat to Catholicism because Islam threatened a unified Christian world. In order to maintain this unified Christian world, the church urged its members to form armies and invade the Middle East. The Pope portrayed the Muslims as barbaric, cruel, and savage to incite Christians. He created an anti- Muslim feeling by writing they were an “accursed race, a race wholly alienated from God.” Pope Urban accused them of “violently invading the lands of the Christians and [depopulating] them by pillage and fire.” The Pope further described them as taking Christians captive and torturing them.
President Bush had not trusted Saddam Hussein and he didn’t want rest of America to either. President George W. Bush had gathered enough “evidence” against Iraq and Saddam Hussein that America had been deceived by these false statements and they were too terrified for their own safety that they had decided to allow president Bush go to war with
Hitler had gambled and won. The failure of the British and French to oppose Hitler’s march into the Rhineland in 1936 was to have enormous significance. He no longer believed in Anglo-French solidarity and would continue to gamble until somebody called his bluff, leading right up to WWII.
Causes of Six Day War (5th – 10th June) Arab refusal to recognise Israel since 48 and rise of Arab Nationalism is important in understanding long term reason for war. Arabs suffer humiliation in ‘48 – ‘49 conflict and this leads to Nasser and Arab Nationalism in ‘52, further military humiliation in Suez Crisis but political victory for Nasser. Although long term it explains Nov ‘66 Syrian Egyptian Mutual Defence treaty which is a more short term leading to Egyptian deployment of troops on May 15 after false Russian report. Israeli confidence – arrogance makes them provocative and overreact important in understanding Israel’s role in causing the conflict; Israel had emerged from 1948 war as a fighting Jew and it was determined that its Arab neighbours should get used to the idea that even if they haven’t recognised it’s right to exist it was not worth fighting Israel, Dayan said in 1976 interview that Israel provoked 80% of conflicts like the 7th April ‘67 tractor incident which resulted shooting down 6 Migs and victory pass over Damascus. Importance evident from fly over Damascus and Dayan’s statement but Dayan had radical political views and often inconsistent.
In 1956 Sudan gained independence from Great Britain, but by then war was already starting between the north and the south. One cause to the starting of this war was the Sharia law(Sudan). The president of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir, has been in office for 21 years. During these years Sudan has seen nothing but war, but removing Omar would only cause more conflict in Sudan. Omar’s government is under attack by combined armies of over 60,000 rebels.