Bromination of Arenes This lab demonstrated the application of adding bromine to various arenes, hydrocarbons with alternating single bonds. This process, bromination, is a mechanism which treats hydrogen as a functional group. This being the case, the rate of reaction of certain arenes can be measured and compared to that of other arenes upon the addition of the bromine. The reaction occurs when the bromine radical generates from the halide diatomic molecule, using light energy. The fact that the energy needed to break the necessary bonds falls within the visible light spectrum is the basis on which the experiment is based.
Radical Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane was carried out using sulfuryl chloride and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). From the reaction there were for possible products which are as follows 1,1-dichlorobutane, 1,2- dichlorobutane, 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane. The structures produced from the reaction are as follows; Attached to the four carbons in 1-chlorobutane are hydrogens that can react readily with chlorine, because of its electron withdrawing character. Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached.
(2 marks) 8 Show 2 possible products that could form when Compound H undergoes a halogenation reaction with iodine. Draw the structural isomers and name them. 2 marks 9a Is this halogenation reaction is an addition or substitution reaction? ½ mark 9b Under what conditions would this reaction occur? ½ mark 10 Outline the reaction pathway to produce propanoic acid from propane.
UNKNOWN ACID AND BASE TITRATION Introduction The purpose of this experiment was that we explored the use of titration by adding small quantities of base to an acid and recording the rise of the pH on a graph so we can see the equivalence point. In this lab we used a strong acid and a strong base to perform the acid base titration. Strong acids and bases are known to dissociate in water completely. Some of the major findings in this lab were that only a small amount of base can result in a large change in the pH. Procedure Step 1, Obtain acid, in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask add 35 ml of .2M HCl solution.
How it was expected the pH at equivalence point was 9.17 this is because of the domination of hydroxide ion in solution. The relationship between the pH and the amount of titrant added offered a better understanding of the equilibrium properties of the acid. Introduction Titrations are a convenient and common method of analysis. Generally titration is an experiment where a known property of one solution is used to infer an unknown property of another solution. There are several types of titrations: Acid-base titrations are based on the neutralization reaction between the analyte and an acidic or basic titrant.
ABSTRACT Isopropyltoluene isomers were synthesized through the friedel-crafts alkylation of toluene with 2-chloropropane in the presence of aluminum chloride as a catalyst. Through extraction of the distillate with water and 5% NaHCO3, followed by a fractional vacuum distillation, the desired aromatic organic compound was isolated. Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography were used to analyze the composition, purity and to confirm the identity of the prepared product. The sample weighed approximately 2.66g, which reflected a low yield at 47%. However, from the GC the area % (also known as percent purity) was 91.8%, which indicates that a very pure product was obtained.
Calculations involving the Mole, Avogadro’s Number, Molar Mass, Mole-Mole and Mass-Mole calculations in chemical equations. Combustion analysis and calculation of empirical and molecular formulas from composition analysis. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Precipitation reactions and solubility rules. Writing balanced molecular equations and net ionic equations.
Radu Purtuc | Chemistry 231 - Lab | Section 32 Ronnie :: team-member TECH 705, SEPARATING ACIDS AND NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION - MACROSCALE EXTRACTION July 6, 2006 Lab Report INTRODUCTION Purpose: using extraction technique to separate acetanilide, p-toluic acid, and p-tert-butylphenol; then measure the melting points of each compound and comparing them to the statistical values. Background: separating acids and neutral compounds by solvent extraction is a useful technique used in practice by chemists to separate organic compounds from mixture of other compounds. It generally involve several steps, with limiting factors being the number and output purity of compounds to be extracted from source mixture. A number of specific compound solvents not inter-miscible are used to separate and dissolve compounds, and a physical transfer between solvents is employed. An example of use is cleaning compounds of impurities, where different solvents work as a molecular filter that interacts differentially with compound and impurities respectively.
The Grignard Reaction Synthesis of triphenylmethanol Josh Wilson Chem 443-003 January 1,2012-February 7,2012 Introduction In this experiment we synthesized triphenylmethanol from a Grignard reagent and an ester. To form triphenylmethanol we reacted methyl benzoate with phenylmagnesium bromide. Reaction Scheme: Theory An organometallic compound is an organic compound that contains a Carbon-metallic bond. The metal can be Li, Na, Mg, Cu, Pd or any other transitional metal. In this lab we used Mg as our metallic portion of the organometallic compound.
Experiment 2.5 Physical Chemistry Laboratory Spectrophotometric determination of the Dissociation constant of methyl orange Colin O’Neill AS2 08/02/15 Introduction: Methyl orange (IUPAC name: Sodium 4-[(4-dimethylamino)phenyldiazenyl]benzenesulfonate) is a pH indicator used in many titrations and other reactions; it has a sharp end point but not a complete colour change spectrum. When in solution it dissociates into an acid and base, the acidic portion being red and the basic portion being yellow. This is what gives it its indicator properties as under acid conditions it will be in its red form and under basic conditions, its yellow form. Solutions where both forms are present, concentrations can be measured spectrophotometrically. In this lab by making up basic and acid forms of indicator and analysing them spectrophotometrically the dissociation constant could be determined.