• Uses all or all but one of the documents. • Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible and does not simply summarize the documents individually. • Takes into account both the sources of the documents and the authors’ points of view. Essay Prompt Ascertain to what factors contemporaneous observers attributed the rise and fall of the Muslim empires; determine which factors would have made the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals most successful and which ones would eventually weaken their empires. Based on the following documents, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Muslim empires.
This journey is known in the Islamic calendar as the Hirja. The Islamic calendar begins in the year 622. After the death of Muhammad in 632, Muslims came together to choose a new leader or ‘khalifa’ (caliph) to be the successor of Muhammad. The caliph was to be the symbolic head of the Muslim community throughout the world. • A religion that began with the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century • Muhammad believed he was a messenger sent by God • Muslims follow the teachings of the holy book, the Qur’an • Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca, the centre for Islamic worship • Islam spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and beyond Photograph courtesy of SacredSites.com Science and technology in Medieval Islam The
You might not believe this, but if you were to look around right now, 1 in 6 people may practice Islam. Islam is the second largest religion in the world, following Christianity, and is quickly growing. Islam was founded in 610 CE, and the Islamic prophet is Muhammad. So, why did this particular religion expand so rapidly? Islam spread so quickly because of Migration, Conquest, and The Political Order.
The successful candidacy and ascension of Barack Obama to the United States presidency were characterized in similar ways to his speech delivered in Cairo in June 2009, as an historic moment; his remarks in the latter context were interpreted by some as an attempt to recalibrate and reset America’s dialogue with the “Muslim World.” Indeed Obama proclaimed in his opening monologue, “I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive…” Equally important to analysis are Obama’s proclivities and skill of elocution, the establishment and maintenance of credibility vis-à-vis the audience, his appeal to reason, and the alignment of presumed core audience values with their sympathetic imagination. It shall be shown that framing theory complements analysis of ethos, pathos, and logos and is essential to fulsome elucidation of the text. A salvo of dichotomous pairs framed the first three minutes of the speech, during which pathos prevailed in tone and substance. “Tradition” was set against “progress”. These words most embody the Muslim world that Obama set out to describe.
Ayatollah Khomeini’s adapted definition of Twelver Shi’ism is what led millions to follow in his vision of a new Iran. Ayatollah Khomeini’s definition of Twelver Shi’sm, held the theory of guardianship of the Islamic jurist, the Islamic jurist would be the successor of Muhammad. This definition is not accepted by all Twelver Shi’a, but is the basis for the Iranian constitution. However the overall concept of Twelver Shi’ism and the 12th Imam is the foundation of Shi’ism. So, how is it possible to solve the unrest in Iran with the very same ideology that founded its current turmoil?
Brilliant warrior iii. Seized most of present-day Iran b. Son, Tahmasp expanded through conquest to Caucasus Mountains and brought Christians under Safavid rule c. Rise and sustenance through conquest d. Strong military: force to be reckoned with e. Used for conquest and protection from enemies (mainly Sunni Islam empires) and religious persecution f. Military reforms during Safavid Golden Age of reformation and innovation under Shah Abbas g. Creation of two additional armies under Shah Abbas consisting of Persians, and recruits from the Christian North h. Importance on artillery/ firearms V. Islam in Growth and Maintenance a. Part of Shi’a branch of Islam b. Strengthened Empire c. Unified country under religious ideology d. Countered influence of the Sunni Ottomans e. Shi’a branch led rise of an individual Shi’a empire VI.
And therefore Islam becomes not only a religion but an ideology. Although the law is considered divine, because tradition dictates that it was delivered to the Arabs by the Abrahamic God that Muslims refer to as Allah through a prophet, Islam spread so rapidly over an area rich in culture in a time that communication was not as quick and easy as it is in our present day era that it is arguable to suggest that Shari’a Law may not be entirely divine as it is believed. For the purpose of this essay I feel it important to accept certain paradigms; that the Quran is divine, that Allah exists, and that Muhammed was his final prophet. “The first source of Shari’a Law has to be the Quran” Watton. According to Muslim belief, The Quran was given to the world by Prophet Muhammed, whom received divine revelations known as Sura’s.
This minority group of Islam is recently fostering the growth of religious fundamentalism. To begin with, Islam is split into two main sectors; Shia and Sunni. Sunnism is furthered broken down to four different sectors; Hanifi, Shafi, Maliki and Hanbelli. The Wahabbis are a part of Hanbelli, and the founder of this sector is Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab[i]. Wahabbism is a movement within Islam and it is based on the 18th century teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab.
Name: Professor’s name: Course: Date: 1. What forces that shape modern Saudi culture? How similar to different police forces from those that shaped the culture of Western Nations? Since cutting edge Saudi culture is established in the nomadic tribes that once meandered the Arabian Peninsula, some advanced Saudi Arabia culture can be followed to the Bedouins. Islam has additionally affected present day Saudi culture.
Different Islamic countries have varied laws based on the acceptance of society and changes in culture. The laws in most Islamic countries maintain an understanding of modern day norms while paying respect to Islamic rules and culture at the same time. Different culture from different countries view Islam in a different light due to the way that the interpret the Quran and what the pay importance too. Currently there are four different schools in the Islamic world that give importance to different aspects of the Quran which are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi and Hanbali schools. Cultures that follow the Hanafi school give importance to reason- countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh follow this criterion.