h) A way to make hard water softer is to put an sodium nitrate and create a precipitate to mellow out the reaction. Another way of making it softer is by removing the calcium ions one way of doing that is by boiling the solution to take out some of the ions. Conclusion: Overall, we determined that sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is the anion that can be used to precipitate the most metal cations. Also, we learned that the anion sodium chloride, NaCl, could be used to remove silver ions from solutions. The stuff that I found interesting was that how many colours you can get when you mix the cations and anions
It binds with starch so the more starch, the darker the solution was. We also used a blank solution with no starch to set the spectrometer to zero. The spectrometer was used to compare the absorbency of the starch in the control solutions and the non-control solutions over time. Amylase was the last solution added to start the initial breakdown of the starch. Adding it at one minute intervals allowed the students to see how much starch the amylase was actually breaking down over time.
Online General Chemistry Titration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Lab Manual pp158-167 When performing step 9 you want to remove all the NaOH from the beaker before adding acid (vinegar) to the beaker. If you do not remove the NaOH, it will react with the acid in the vinegar prior to starting the titration, making the vinegar appear less acidic than it really is. The next lab lists white vinegar as provided by the student. This one asks for brand and label information, yet implies the vinegar is provided by LabPaq. Results Sheet, Experiment 13 Brand of Vinegar used:________________ Acetic Acid % from bottle label_____________ | Initial NaOH Reading(estimate to 0.1 mL) | Final NaOH Reading(estimate to 0.1 mL) | Volume NaOH used(Final – Initial) | Trial 1 | 9.5 | 1.3 | 8.2 | Trial 2 | 9.6 | 1.4 | 8.2 | Trial 3 | 9.7 | 1.4 | 8.3 | Average Volume of NaOH used | 8.2 | Calculations: Normality of the acetic acid: .82 Mass of acetic acid: 49.2 % acetic acid (divide the grams, above, by the volume you used to get g/L): 4.92 Answer questions A-G in the lab manual: A.
CHE 111 Laboratory 3 Hydrates Introduction Hydrates Water molecules combine with the molecules of certain substances, forming loose chemical combinations called hydrates. An example of a hydrate is MgSO4•7H2O. This formula means 7 water molecules are loosely attached to a magnesium sulfate molecule. Other examples of hydrates are Na2SO4•10H2O and Ba(OH)2•8H2O. When the hydrate is heated, it easily loses water molecules attached and becomes an anhydrous salt.
The solution added reacted by turning the solution into a transparent liquid. This reaction is endothermic because the solution HC1 and Na2EDTA added decreased the reaction as the equilibriums both shifted to the left. When Na2SO4 was added the equilibrium should have shifted to the left. The solution reacted by creating more HSO4 even more when the 10 drops of the sodium sulfate solution was added as the color changed to a much lighter solution. When NaHSO4 was added the equilibrium should have shifted to the
It is produced by reacting nitric acid and sulphuric acid simultaneously. The lone pair from oxygen breaks the OH bond when it comes in contact with sulphuric acid. Furthermore, NO2OH2 break and dissociate to form H2O water along with the electrophiles NO2. The electrons from the benzene ring attack NO2 causing the double bond to break. Multiple resonance is created from the movement of electrons.
Andre’ Dorsey Mrs. B Lab section: Alka-seltzer Experiment In this experiment we wanted to see what would dissolve the Alka-Seltzer the quickest using these three beverages: orange juice, milk, and water. Alka-Seltzer is a pain reliever for minor aches, pains, fever, headache, heartburn, indigestion, and hangovers. What I think about the experiment is that the orange juice would dissolve the Alka-Seltzer the fastest out of the three beverages because it is a acid. The materials used for this is experiment were: beaker a constant, Alka-Seltzer a dependent variable, stop watch a constant, 100ml of water a dependent variable and also a controlled group, orange juice independent variable, and milk independent variable. Procedures for
Add the HCl SLOWLY to the magnesium by running it down the side of the beaker. Adding the acid too quickly will result in the spattering of the acid. Write down any observations of the reaction. 6. After all the acid has been completely added and the reaction has stopped, use a pipette to add a few extra drops of acid into the beaker until the reaction stops.
25 cm3 of a solution of sodium hydroxide reacts with 15 cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 HCl. What is the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution? 4. Succinic acid has the formula (CH2)n(COOH)2 and reacts with dilute sodium hydroxide as follows: (CH2)n(COOH)2 + 2NaOH → (CH2)n(COONa)2 + 2H2O 2.0 g of succinic acid were dissolved in water and the solution made up to 250 cm3. This solution was placed in a burette and 18.4 cm3 was required to neutralise 25 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 NaOH.
Hydrogen Peroxide and Catalase In this investigation I will be trying to find out if the rate of a reaction changes if the concentration of the substance is altered. This will happen if the Hydrogen peroxide is decompostured. Hydrogen peroxide (H202) is a clear poisonous liquid, which is produced during respiration. If this builds up inside the body it can kill, so an enzyme called CATALASE stops this from happening by breaking down the build up. More about Hydrogen Peroxide will be explained in my knowledge.