Radical Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane was carried out using sulfuryl chloride and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). From the reaction there were for possible products which are as follows 1,1-dichlorobutane, 1,2- dichlorobutane, 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane. The structures produced from the reaction are as follows; Attached to the four carbons in 1-chlorobutane are hydrogens that can react readily with chlorine, because of its electron withdrawing character. Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached.
2.1 Classes of Hydrocarbons: Aliphatic | Aromatic (aka Arenes) | Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes | Benzene is an example | Alkanes: All bonds are single bonds Alkenes: Contain at least one C-C double bond Alkynes: Contain at least one C-C triple bond 2.3 Bonding in H2: The Valence Bond Theory Sigma Bond: orbitals overlap along a line connecting the atoms 2.4 Bonding in H2: The Molecular Orbital Model Bonding Orbital and antibonding orbital produced 2.5: Introduction to Alkanes: Methane, Ethane and Propane Alkanes: CnH2n+2 2.6 sp3 Hybridization and Bonding in Methane Sp3 Hybridization 2.7 Bonding in Ethane CH3= Methyl Bonds with sigma bond 2.8 Isomeric Alkanes: The Butanes n-butane: four carbons are joined
Predict the number of valence electrons for a sulfur atom. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16 e. 32 58. Predict the number of valence electrons for a chlorine atom.
In forming covalent bonds where the octet rule is obeyed, sulfur usually forms ________ bonds and chlorine usually forms ________ bonds. A) one; one B) two; two C) one; two D) two; one E) six; seven 6. The number of valence electrons in the acetic acid molecule (CH3CO2H) is ________. A) 0 B) 8 C) 16 D) 24 E) 32 7. A molecule in which the central atom forms three single bonds and has one lone pair is said to have a ________ shape.
| A) | CH3CH2O– | B) | CH3CH2O+ | C) | CH3CH2OH2+ | D) | CH3CH2OH3+ | 5. | Which one of the following mechanistically depicts the protonation of methanol by hydrogen bromide? | A) | A | B) | B | C) | C | D) | D | 6. | Give the molecular formula of the compound shown below: | A) | C8H16O | B) | C9H18O | C) | C10H18O | D) | C10H20O | 7. | The most stable resonance contributor of this would be: | A) | A | B) | B | C) | C | D) | D | 8.
b. A compound composed of: 9.93% carbon, 58.6% chlorine, and 31.4% fluorine. c. A compound composed of: .556g carbon and .0933g hydrogen. 3. Write the Molecular Formula for Each of the Following: a.
A) Water is 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen by mass. B) Water boils at 100°C at 1 atm pressure. C) Water can be separated into other substances by a chemical process. D) Water and salt have different boiling points. E) Water is a compound.
Proline; pyrrolidine side chain; non-polar 7. Glycine; hydrogen side chain; polar neutral 8. Serine; alcohol group side chain; polar neutral 9. Threonine; alcohol group side chain; polar neutral 10. Tyrosine; phenol group side chain; polar
104 kJ/mol C. 52 kJ/mol D. -52 kJ/mol E. -104 kJ/mol 59. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. A. 0 lone pairs, linear B. 1 lone pair, bent C. 2 lone pairs, bent D. 3 lone pairs, bent E. 3 lone pairs, linear 60.
b. Calculate the fuel value in kJ/g for each of these compounds. c. FOr each hydrocarbon determine the percentage of hydrogen by mass. d. By comparing your answers for part (b) and (c), propose a relationship between hydrogen content and fuel value in hydrocarbons. a) for a we first need to find a balanced equation for when the hydrocarbons combust to form CO2 and H20.