They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that we as humans have the ability to choose what they do regardless of environment, and that humans are pretty much conscious beings that are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. Two major theorists associated with this theory of personal development that impacted humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Humanism places an emphasis on the assumption that all humans are inherently good in nature and possess free will.
Describe and evaluate the humanistic approach in psychology The humanistic approach contrasts all the other approaches for one simple reason; this is that the humanistic approach believes that we have free will, this is because we are able to make conscious decisions for our self and chose our own path in life, and for example, the behaviourist approach is deterministic, as the environment determines our behaviour. Rogers stated that certain environments are needed in order for a child to achieve their full potential as an adult. Rogers said we need a condition consisting of positive regard. This means knowing that somebody loves you no matter what you do. He said we all need conditional positive regard from our parents, and if we did not receive this is can lead to psychological problems in our future.
C. The Phenomenology of the Individual What is meant by the phenomenology of the individual and why do Humanists believe it is important? It is when you weigh out the advice from others and come to a decision on your own that made it capable to resolve the problem. D. Personal Growth What do Humanists believe about personal growth? They believe that there is more to life than simply having all of your immediate needs met. III.
Psychological Egoism as a moral theory describes self-centeredness. Psychological Egoism is a belief that human behavior or conduct comes under the influence of self-interest and not community. Psychological Egoism holds a strong ground that all humans get motivated to act or perform certain duties only in pursuit of their own advantage and not for others. Where Ethical Egoism is that we ought to be happy for others when at the same time making our self's or own being happy. For me I think it starts with morality in a person.
Yet, if we observe that pleasure is good, we should be able to ask is good pleasure. However if an individual gains pleasure through inflicting harm can we conclude that good and pleasure are one and the same thing? In short ethical naturalism is unable to define good, yet continues to claim that ethical language is based on objective truth. Non Cognitive approaches to meta ethics such as emotivism and prescriptivism argue that ethical language is subjective. A. J. Ayer claims that ethical language
He believed in single "drive" or motivating force behind our behavior, claiming that the desire we have to fulfill our potentials becomes closer and closer to our ideals. He felt each person was unique and no previous theory applied to all people. Adler's theory included these four aspects: the development of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health, and the unity of personality. Alfred came up with the term inferiority complex. He described this as feelings of lack of worth.
The main therapeutic techniques are: Logotherapy, the “I-thou model”, and the self-in-world concept. However since existential counseling is not a technique driven therapy, techniques from other therapies can be used effectively with an existential therapeutic focus. It appears applicable to a wide variety of counseling situations in which clients are seeking to resolve issues concerning the ultimate ‘meaning of life’ and does focus on the collaborative nature of the counselor – client relationship. Running Head: EXISTENTIAL COUNSELING 3 Existential therapy or counseling is classified as a humanistic theory by Maslow due to its focus on helping people achieve their full potential in life (Maddi, 1978). It is viewed more as an attitudinal or philosophical approach to counseling rather than a theory of therapy because it is loosely based on existential philosophy and it is not tied to any particular therapeutic technique (Sharf, 2004).
Humanism gives us a positive view of human beings and of their significant competence to be self-determining. This paper will explain how humanistic psychology, also known as the third force, is an approach that focuses on the basic concept that individuals are good and will seek out self-actualization but that finding self-fulfillment can be impacted by environment. The humanistic theory is guided by the belief of free will of human beings. This strong belief in free will has both positive and negative implications for the humanistic approach. The paper will show both positive and negative results that relate to the author's own insights and individualization.
Overall, the goal of humanism is to understand the description of human being. Such as importance of language, establishing a set of values, the full spectrum of human emotions, and seeks the meaning in their lives (Henley et al, 2009). Maslow took humanistic psychology to the complete opposite path to behaviourism, which focused on predicting and controlling human behaviour, and objectively study of human behaviour. Unlike behaviourism, humanism believes studying animal behaviours cannot lead to understanding the behaviours of humans (Jourard, 1974). He believed a healthy motivational status is when healthy people have sufficiently gratified their basic needs for safety, belongingness, love, respect, and self-esteem.
We each had our own reasons why the humanistic theory was important to us. The first theory that we will discuss is the humanistic theory. As defined by Robert S. Feldman, “the humanistic theory is the conscious, self motivated ability to change and improve.” (Feldman, 2009, p.401) Humanistic theorists believe that along with peoples unique creative impulses make up the core of human personality (Feldman, 2009, p.401). For Daniel, this theory meant that we have a basic need and desire as humans, to try and achieve, and to be a good person. For Heather, it meant that the humanistic theory is not inherited but done by interaction.