When a person with a phobia encounters the stimulus which causes their fear they experience extreme anxiety and will show avoidance behaviour. There are various elements that make up the fear response of phobia such as, cognitive element, where the expectation of harm about to happen, the perception of danger and threat. There is also the biological element which is the body’s emergency reaction to danger (‘fight or flight’ response) release of adrenaline leading to increased heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, sweating, etc. There is also the emotional element which is the feeling of dread, terror and panic. The final element is the behavioural one, involving fleeing, avoidance behaviour or freezing.
Emotional distress passes under various names, such as mental suffering, mental anguish, mental or nervous shock, or the like. It includes all highly unpleasant mental reactions, such as fright, horror, grief, shame, humiliation, embarrassment, anger, chagrin, disappointment, worry, and nausea. It is only where it is extreme that the liability arises. Complete emotional tranquility is seldom attainable in this world, and some degree of transient and trivial emotional distress is a part of the price of living among people. The law intervenes only where the distress inflicted is so severe that no reasonable man could be expected to [**28] endure it.
At The Heart of conflict is fear When conflict erupts it can devastate individuals and community’s. It fractures families and causes long-standing animosity between nations and states. The underlying emotion at the heart of most conflict situations is fear. Whether it is the threat of dispossession, loss of friends or family or the fear of death itself, Fear almost always is at the centre of conflict. Those who are unable to navigate themselves through times of fear can most often expect to achieve a frightened illogical response.
xxx. Generalized anxiety disorder: persistent excessive worry over uncontrollable negative events, like health, finances, work, etc. They have apprehensive expectation and feel the need to control everything. xxxi. Panic disorder: recurrent, unexpected, uncued panic attacks.
Animals are used because behaviourists assume they learn in the same way as people but are more convenient to study. Laboratory settings are favoured because they allow researchers to very precisely control the conditions under which learning occurs. Two important learning theories proposed by the behaviourist perspective are classical conditioning. Classical conditioning explains how we learn behaviours through association and operant conditioning explains how the consequences of behaviours shape behaviour. The first of the theories involved in this approach is classical conditioning.
The effect of PTSD can be very extensive. PTSD is a debilitating disorder, and its symptoms have a negative impact on a numerous areas of everyday life. In particular, PTSD negatively affects a person's mental health, physical health, work, and relationships. Post-traumatic is more then merely a stress disorder, PTSD is an anxiety disorder that a person may develop after experiencing extreme or overwhelming traumatic events. More specifically, the trauma is more overwhelmingly powerful when they witnesses and event in which another person may have been killed, seriously injured or threatened.
Borderline Personality Disorder Kerry Jefferson PSY 303 George Bell IV, M.A. Mar 10, 2013 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects individual’s emotion state. They have irrational mood swings. But one of the things that affect them is the fear of abandonment. When something like this happens to them it affects others around them, because they fill like they have to constantly walking on eggshells.
Fear. It is an emotion we all face. What we fear is as unique to every individual as their fingerprints, but the emotion generated from being scared is generally common amongst everyone. I too have fears of my own. My biggest fear is that I dread presenting in front of individuals who I don’t know.
Things Fall Apart: Fear as a dominating factor Fear is an emotion induced by a perceived threat which causes entities to quickly pull far away from it and usually hide. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring in response to a specific stimulus, such as pain or the threat of danger. Things fall Apart is a critically-acclaimed novel known all over the world. The story of a man whose life is dominated by his fears. Fear is pervasive throughout the novel.
Foundations of Psychology Greg Ustel 01/12/2014 PSY/300 ANGELIQUE GRADY Behavioral Approach to Psychology Behaviorism is a concept of psychology that is centered on learning Ivan Pavlov was one of the first know scholars to establish behavior studies on animals. He claimed that behavior was the most valid source of information because mental events cannot be observed (Sullivan Ed. 2009). The three basic functions of behaviorism are reward, punishment, and reinforcement. This type of behavior has been used to study animals and humans alike.