Abstract: One of the most important goals of personality psychology is the establishment of a model that can describe a person's personality and disorders that are associated with personality. Not only is the model suppose to be able to describe the human personality but it is suppose to help gain better insight and understanding of personality. Over time many models have come about from different Pscycholigst and have even maintained there validity through time. Of course like most theorys and models some are more accepted in psycholgy circes than others. The five-factor model of personality is one of the more prominent models that is accepted.
How did they impact research methods? 4. List and briefly describe the five steps in the empirical research process (from first slide in class). 5. Explain why both the naturalness of the research setting and the degree of experimental control are important variables in evaluating or deciding on a research method.
There are many different constructions and theories on personality which all have their own strengths and weaknesses and all of which try to offer an explanation to the differences in people’s behaviour. This essay will look at Hans Eysenck’s Trait Theory (1965) which is interested in measuring people’s personality through traits. According to this perspective, traits are stable over time and differ between individuals. We will also look at George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory (1955.) He believed that people develop constructs as internal ideas of reality to help them understand the world around them and that the way the world is viewed is based on individual experiences, interpretations and observations.
In this paper we will examine how each theory views personality development, characteristics, and traits. We will look at how each theorist views interpersonal relationships as well as how these theories can and are used in clinical or workplace settings today. Personality Analysis: Allport and Maslow There are many theories associate with the development of personality such as Humanistic, Existential and Individual theories. Each theory attempts to address the components of what makes an individual’s personality the way it is and attempts to use this theory to understand or better predict behavior. In this paper we will examine the ideas of personality development through the views of Abraham Maslow and Gordon Allport.
Do you think that objective or projective tests have any value when measuring personality? Justify your answer. Personality is defined as a person’s emotions, behaviour and motives that is relatively stable over time. Projective and objective tests are two different ways to measure individuals’ personality. The following shall describe these two tests as well as explore their validity and reliability.
Since I have begun my studies in Psychology, I have stumbled across many definitions for personality. Definitions range from “…refers to those characteristics of the person that account for consistent patterns of feeling, thinking and behaving” (Pervin, Cervone, & John, 2005, p6), to “the pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with others” (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart & Roy, 2003, pg 518), to Moore’s contribution“... psychological – it refers to the individual (actions, thoughts, feelings) and not to material things such as possessions or status” (cited in Davey, 2004, pg488). The definitions are endless, but the most pertinent I have come across, “it is the whole integrated pattern of behaviour which distinguishes one man from another as uniquely as fingerprints and as distinctly as photographs” (Lazarus & Opton Jr, 1967, pg9). The text further goes on to explain the subject matter of personality and the areas it is divided into. So now there is an understanding of personality, it will be easier to appreciate the approaches that will be compared and contrasted.
The search for a standard taxonomy, or organising structure of personality traits, has driven personality research for the past decades. A personality taxonomy should provide a systematic framework for distinguishing, ordering, and naming types and characteristics of individuals and would help us understand the dimensions of difference between people and help explain and predict human behaviour (John & Srivastava,1999). Using language, the natural basis of description, numerous trait taxonomies have been developed over the years, and although some disagreement remains, the Five Factor Model (FFM) is currently the dominant perspective on the organisation of personality traits. This essay will evaluate the extent to which the FFM provides a comprehensive coverage of individual differences. The Five Factor Model was originally based on a combination of the lexical approach and the statistical approach.
Course: Psychology of Personality Draft paper on: "Comparative analysis of basic approaches to understanding human personality: Psychodynamic theories, Behavioral and Cognitive models, and Phenomenologcial perspective" Personality development has been a major topic of interest for some of the most prominent thinkers in psychology. Our personalities make us unique, but how does personality develop? How exactly do we become who we are today? In order to answer this question, many prominent theorists developed theories to describe various steps and stages that occur on the road of personality development. The following theories focus on various aspects of personality development, including cognitive, social and moral development.
His theories have many differences to Piaget’s but there are also a number of aspects of their theories which are similar. A. Piaget and Vygotsky had an interest in the study of cognitive development, with a view to explain how, when and why this development occurs, although their views to how this occurs will often differ. A connection between language and cognitive development has been found by both Vygotsky and Piaget; Piaget believed that thought drives language, whereas Vygotsky’s understanding was that language drives thought (Bailey et al 2009). It is also thought by both psychologists that use of speech and language plays an important part in cognitive development. Speech and language, in addition to the concepts used by younger children to order the world, are thought to be used differently than in older children and adults as they will change as they grow and develop.
The paper will describe the role of personality in affecting situational behavior by comparing and contrasting both approaches. The paper will also examine the personality characteristics of each theory and explain the interpersonal relational aspects of each theory. Personality in Affecting Situational Behavior A person’s personality makes the person who he or she is. Theorists of personality tend to theorize that a person’s personality is unique to the person and is how the person acts or reacts to his or her environment. The differences in each person’s personality may lead one person to react to a situation differently then another person.