How Was Truth Constructed as a Dominant Theme in Shakespeare's Sonnet 138?

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How was “truth” constructed as a dominant theme in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 138? Critiques like Alice Moore assert that Shakespeare’s use of paradox and repeated puns in his 138th sonnet effectively construct “mutual deception” as its central theme (15). While I find their points valid, I perceive a more profound subject under the lighter discussion of lies and deception. The sonnet’s conventions of diction and structure strongly amplify “truth” to be its more profound theme. By discussing their lies and deception the poet allows the readers into the hidden truths of the two key characters by the back door. The structure of sonnet 138 and its word choice provide hints that there are more vital truths about its key characters the speaker in the sonnet and his mistress. Richard Levin quite accurately states that Shakespeare’s sonnet 138 is centred on the speaker’s personality by presenting him as an innocent youth to his mistress and a cynic to his readers (28). Without relying on imagery and metaphors, the poem directly describes the unconventional relationship between its speaker and his lover. By playing with words, the poem provides a justification for the flawed relationship thus constructing “mutual deception” as its obvious message. This portrays the speaker as an unthoughtful, middle aged intellectual who is easily controlled by his lustful desires – a truth which is explicated by the use of “not” and words that carry negative connotations instead of their positive opposites. The adjectives “untutor’d (line 3), “unlearned” (line 4) begin with the prefix “un” meaning “not” describe the narrator as having no experience and no knowledge and is ignorant of the deceit that exists in the world. According to the Oxford English Dictionary “tutored” means being taught or instructed and “learned” means having deep knowledge resulting from extensive study (1652, 874). The
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