How to Prevent Financial Crises

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Research question Financial crises are major disruptions in financial market characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and firm failures. It occurs when an increase in asymmetric information from a disruption in the financial system causes severs adverse selection and moral hazard problems that render financial markets incapable of channeling funds efficiently from savers to house-holds and firms with productive investment opportunities. There are serial factors of financial crises play an important role: asset market effects on balance sheets, deterioration in financial institutions’ balance sheets, banking crisis, increases in uncertainty, increases in interest rates and government fiscal imbalances. Subprime mortgages are mortgages for borrowers with less credit score. In addition, the lower transaction costs and computer technology enabled the bundling together of smaller loans into standard debt securities. When housing prices decrease, especially when the house price is below the loan payable, borrowers may refuse to pay the rest of the loan, and this will deteriorate banks’ balance sheet, then people will afraid that they can’t get their savings back from the bank. The amount of money withdrawn will increase and become bank panic more seriously. Because every bank is linked together, and every bank has little money for lending, those firms who need loans are hard to get investment; hence the whole economic activities become worse. There are three policy measures might be helpful to reduce the frequency of banking and financial crisis, which are measure the requirement of sufficient capital for financial institutions; measure is that only the market participants who with thorough understanding of hybrid securities and their associated risks can trade in the market; the leverage firms, restricting the leverage ratio for these firms. The first

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