How Photography Influenced Impressionism

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In 1826 Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the first photograph using a camera. The photograph was taken from the window of his Paris home. The subject was a nearby pigeon house and barn. Niepce called his photographs “Heliographs”. They were exposed on pewter plate. The exposure process took as long as eight hours. He formed a partnership with Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre in 1829 to continue the new art form, but died of a stroke in 1833 leaving Daguerre to perfect the technique himself. Deguerre was a painter who was trying to figure out how to make images with a camera obscura permanent. Niepce had been experimenting with iodized pewter and silver-coated metal plates.

Daguerre perfected the process by sensitizing the silver plates with iodine fumes. In 1837 and 1838 Daguerre was trying to raise money for his “daguerreotype” invention. Francois Arago, director of the Paris Observatory influenced France to purchase Daguerre’s invention thereby making it available worldwide.

In 1852 Napoleon III became emperor. The Impressionists were passionate about painting and desired to succeed artistically. Most of them were struggling for recognition.

Change was unavoidable. Whenever art is in danger of becoming stagnant in what is deemed acceptable, artists search for new paths to combat old ways. Art has always presented a constant retort to altering social standards, politics, and culture. Europe during the latter part of the 19th century was especially unstable.

Technology was advancing rapidly. For the Impressionists the most important technological advancement was the introduction of photography which by the 1850s and 60s had developed swiftly since Niepce and Daguerre introduced it in 1839. These advances contributed to the rise of Impressionism.

Being unperfected and still in the early stages of development there was often a difference between what the
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