This amylase converts the remaining starch into maltose. Maltose and lactose are absorbed into the small intestine. Multiple enzymes reside in the microvilli that lines the small intestine: maltase, lactase and sucrose. They’re called brush border enzymes The brush border enzymes convert the disaccharides into monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, and galactose. The monosaccharides are them absorbed into the bloodstream.
Produces essential proteins and clotting factors for the blood and regulates metabolism and cholesterol. Gall Bladder – Stores bile secreted by liver. Bile is used to help dissolve fats in the small intestine. Pancreas – Functions both as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. Exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes carried to the duodenum.
Secretes pancreatic juice, insulin, glucagon, duodenum, and somatostatin into the bloodstream. Regulates blood sugar and completes the breakdown of protein, carbohydrates and fats 17. Responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucous blanket by synthesizing and secreting glycoproteins known as mucins. 18. Stores and concentrates bile 19.
Stomach The stomach holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzyme that are responsible for the breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are successfully processed, they are released into the small intestine. Small intestine The small intestine has 3 parts; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum — the small intestine breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. It moves food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver.
_____ Trypsin digests complex carbohydrates to simple carbohydrates. 42. _____ Glycogen and starch are polysaccharides of glucose and both are stored in liver and muscle. 43. _____ The pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon.
An example of a local hormone is Gastrin which is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining in our stomach. Its purpose is to promote gastric juice secretion. Gastrin is released by G cells and is regulated/stimulated by the amino acids and peptides found in the food we are consuming entering our stomachs. b) There are two different chemical classes of hormones that interact differently with the target-cell. Outline the two classes of hormones, how they are transported in the blood and how they exert their general mechanism of actions at the target cell.
SCI/241 THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION January13,2012 Human Digestion How the does the digestive system works to absorbs nutrients? Digestion starts with the smell of food, it activates the salivary glands. The gland secret saliva that moistens food, it also contains a digestive enzyme called amylase that breaks down some carbohydrates before it leaves the mouth. Then the food is swallowed and goes into the lumen through the esophagus. The esophagus muscles contractions called peristalsis forces the food through the sphincter valve and into the stomach.
This is an indicatore because sucrase is an enzyme found in the small intestine that catalyzes the splitting of the disaccharide sucrose into the monosaccharides glucos and fructose. The amount of product produced indicate the level of sucrase activity that occured. 5. Explain why denatured sucrase was used as a control. Denatured sucrase was used as a control because denatured enzymes, in this case sucrase, lose their shape and can potentially lose their ability to catalyze a chemical reaction.
Why would the enzymes in your mouth not work in your stomach and the enzymes in your stomach not work in your mouth? Mouth enzymes, salivary amylase, would be denatured in the stomach due to the pH of 2 in the stomach. Pepsin, stomach enzyme, would be denatured because its optimum pH is 2 and the mouth has a pH of 7. Unit: Nutrition HW 3 1. Using Concepts create a table of the Malfunctions of the Digestive System (pages 209 - 211) Malfunction | Description | Ulcer | Erosion of the surface of a portion of the digestive tract, normally in the stomach due to action of irritants
d. Zach’s G.I. tract needs the substance to assist in the breakdown of food and for absorption. Epithelial cells extend into the lamina where they form secretory folds called gastric glands. Several of these glands open into the gastric pits and secretions from these glands flow into the pits. E. If Zach’s only normal digestive enzymes from his mouth, what