INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE HISTORY OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Michelle Gilruth The Social Issue of Unions There are many social issues that have affected manufacturing over the years. Many of these issues led to the formation of unions. Before unions, unskilled workers did not fair well. They received half the pay of skilled workers like craftsmen, artisans, and mechanics. Many people moved to cities to work in industry and about 40 percent of those workers were low-wage earners.1 As industry grew, women, children, and poor immigrants found themselves the main targets for work in factories.
The number of live births per year increased due to several factors such as children were used to work on farms (source of income) and in those days there was no reliable contraception and little education. The number of people dying was also high but still less in proportion to the birth rates. This was due to poor medical knowledge and poor diet, water and sanitation. More recently the birth rate has decreased and this is due to social, economic, cultural, legal, political and technological factors. A mixture of these factors led to the change in the position of women in society, the increase in equality, especially legally, including the right to vote (legal factor), the increase in educational opportunities (social factor) meant that women chose to educate themselves before starting a family, the increase in work opportunities with laws banning unequal pay and sex discrimination (social/legal factor)and changing attitudes in society meant that it was socially acceptable for women to be employed whereas traditionally the wife would be the housewife and the husband would be the breadwinner and would financially support his family.
The development of these technologies changed transportation, manufacturing, and even communication. These technologies also contributed to creating huge factories, through standardization, and thus furthering urbanization. The assembly line was a massive factor in industrialization, although it was invented pre-civil war; it allowed the mass production of goods and increased worker efficiency. People were now able to afford things that only the wealthy would have been able to afford in the past. On the other hand, the assembly line did indeed deskill many workers, and further reorganized how the people made a living.
How did the cult of domesticity develop through the onset of the industrial revolution? The onset of the Industrial Era began to give some women more power and authority. Large economic growth and urbanization was taking place. Production of household goods were no longer necessary and were now being manufactured by factories and stores, increasing production, commerce and trade. Through economic expansion, and the rise in woman’s suffrage, business opportunities, evangelism and schools many families relocated to cities .
The role of women before, after, and during World War II was very diverse to say the least but women's lives changed in many ways during World War II. Many women found their roles and opportunities and responsibilities expanded, as they did in previous wars. Husbands went to war or went to work in factories in other parts of the country, and the wives had to pick up their husbands' responsibilities. With fewer men in the workforce, women filled more traditionally-male jobs. In the military, women were banned from combat duty, so women were called on to fill some jobs that men had performed, to free men for combat duty.
The technological advancements led to the emergence of factories and an exploding population surrounding them. Many advantages were gained during the Industrial Revolution, but it also had profound consequences on society. Two major social consequences included urbanization and child labor. During the Industrial Revolution there was an immense demand for cheap, unskilled labor. Families moved from rural areas to the newly industrialized cities to find work.
In the late 19th century, Russia began its process of industrialization following its defeat at the hands of Western nations in the Crimean War. Russia's Industrial Revolution was further helped along by its growing population and an increasing labor force. As the industrial process continued, it gave new job opportunities such as: in mining, factory work, and railroad construction. This influx of jobs was taken by an influx of people, where it came from the country to work in the cities as cheap laborers, taking up dangerous and low-paying jobs. In spite of all these changing times and circumstances, the tension between the upper and lower classes remained tenser than ever before, building up under the fabric of society.
Another factor of changing gender roles might’ve been that since the development of agriculture, women didn’t have much to do in the new society created. 4) During the Neolithic Revolution, agriculture had spread from Asia to places like Northern Africa and Europe. Most humans had settled the Middle East but there were also many people in China and Japan. The dependence on wheat and rice substantiated because more people had settled in Asia and the supply was higher than anywhere else. Agriculture had changed human society
The industrialization in China has been a very important development because of the effects it has had on the social conditions and also the effect it has had on the economy. With the rapid growth in the economy there has been a corresponding growth of women migrating to the cities to find work. This can be seen especially in the growth of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, as thousands of young women have migrated there in search of work at the large factories that are along the cost. The migration of women to these areas of were the factories are is known as the “Global Assembly Line” (Mills, 2001, p. 9). Some of the main motivations behind a woman’s decisions to migrate to Shenzhen involve a lot of thought, but it comes down to the consideration of family, is it morally the right move, will it be a good move individually.
Because of the revolution there was a rapid growth of cities and business. The working conditions for many workers were a disaster, but as time went on these conditions soon got better. Women now had a different role in society which may have included staying at home and handling the chores of the house, but it also including women finding jobs and it brought them one step closer to equality. Different economic theories were created as a result. One of the theories was radical and unrealistic and the other become the foundation for many progressive nations such as the