They were also in a country plagued by a financial crisis with the majority of the population automatically having hatred for the government. The treaty of Versailles also posed a serious threat to the government with the country left embarrassed by its ruling and the war guilt that Germany faced. The extreme right in particular were a threat to the republic. The actions of the Spartacists in particular concerned the leaders of the SPD as they knew that they could not rely on the support of the army in the face of a revolt. Thus a deal was done with the right wing (the pre 1918 military, judiciary and civil service).
From the start there was economic instability because of the cost of World War One and there was widespread disillusion within the German people. The public did not support the Weimar, and the administrative branch of the government, including the Judiciary, also teachers did not back it up either. Mass unemployment, damages to the infrastructure also from World War One, and the demand for reparation payments put lots of pressure on the inexperienced democracy. Not only in Germany, but all over Europe, fundamental and anti-democratic movements gained support. 2.
The Romanov dynasty dated back to the early 1600s. It cannot be denied that Tsar Nicholas II’s military failures and poor political decisions were one of the largest parts in the downfall of autocracy as a political system. From the beginning, it was clear that Nicholas was not well suited as Tsar of Russia. For autocracy to function, it needed clear direction from the autocrat. The disposition that Nicholas brought to the role of Tsar (he was incredibly close to his family) led to huge flaws in his leadership skills.
Many people felt that Germany had received a very harsh deal in the Treaty of Versailles and they resented the government for signing it and agreeing to its conditions. They were especially angry at the ‘war guilt clause’ which stated tat Germany was fully responsible for the war and had to pay reparations of £6600. The Weimar Republic faced violent uprisings from various groups, not to mention devastating economic problems. Germany between 1918 and 1919 was in chaos. People were starving, the Kaiser had fled to Holland and people hated the government for signing the armistice in November 1918 - they called them the November criminals.
This statement, naturally would anger any Catholic, especially if they were relentlessly worried about not being able to get a job or a house for their family. After the opening of the Northern Ireland parliament, many of the Unionists MP’s wanted to ensure that their control over the six counties would be permanent and could not be challenged. Thus, the RUC and B specials were created. As discrimination was put into gear, many Catholics could not enter the police force therefore creating an atmosphere were mainly Protestants were in control. This was seen as very bad news for the Catholics.
This lead to Venice’s downfall as the policies made were not suitable for the country’s needs. Over-dependence on Mercenaries (Point) A political challenge that Venice faced is the over-dependence on mercenaries. (Example) An example of the over-dependence on mercenaries was that the paid mercenaries were not loyal to venice and as the mercenaries often switched sides depending on the state that paid them the most money. French Mercenaries also plotted to kill the council of ten in 1619 and made Venice doubt their mercenaries. (Explanation) When war broke out mercenaries had left
But that’s not the only reason religion caused the civil war, King Charles believed in the divine right. It was when the king/queen believes that god put them on the throne. So Charles took all the power because of this and Parliament didn’t want to go with his decision which contributes to the civil war. Also he made Scottish churches uses English prayer books which caused riots and England went to battle with Scotland. England lost.
Therefore he would not listen to other wise diplomats, such as Talleyrand. His ego and ambition got in the way of common sense and this helped to lead to his downfall and he tried the impossible, like invading Russia. Napoleon's method of enforcing his rule and ideas on all the countries he defeated also helped turn countries against him. This is because they did not always like the French way of living and this caused the people to feel bitter towards Napoleon. There are also a couple of larger factors that led to Napoleon's downfall.
These losses sparked off political unrest and left the floodgates open for criticism on the incompetence of the Tsar’s government ministers. The Minister of War Vladimir Sukhomlinov and the Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich ,who commanded the army, mutual contempt of each other greatly weakened Russian command. The lack of supply caused political crisis’s which were fuelled by the press. The Middle-classes were filled with criticism. The Tsar responded to this criticism
He required that his subjects “loan him the equivalent of five subsidies” and although it was “opposed by significant numbers in the localities,” the taxation still occurred as the government had “employed all its powers to eliminate resistance”. Moreover, the Forced Loan only happened as a result of Charles dismissing the 1626 Parliament, forfeiting his opportunity of obtaining further grants for his wartime expenditure. Parliament had already been antagonised by Charles’ decision to dismiss them and now that Charles was forcing taxation on others in order to fund his wartime expenditure, due to disastrous foreign policy which Parliament largely disagreed with, it is clear that the Forced Loan had worsened relations greatly. In addition to this, the financing of foreign policy also affected the relationship between Crown and Parliament. As stated previously, the Forced Loan existed to fund England’s wars considering that Parliament was reluctant to grant Charles further subsidies.