From the lungs, blood drains into the left atrium and is then pumped into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps this oxygen-rich blood out into the aorta which then distributes it to the rest of the body through other arteries. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ; its job is to pump blood through a network of blood vessels. The vessels form a circle, which starts at the heart, goes out through the body, then ends back at the heart again. The heart has two sides, the right and the left side.
Thus you must take two blood pressure readings: the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection, and the diastolic pressure, which reflects the pressure during ventricular relaxation. Blood pressures are recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with the systolic pressure appearing first. 120/80 mmHg translates to 120 over 80 or a systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg. Normal blood pressure varies considerably from one person to another.” Based on knowledge I have acquired, people who exercise more tend to have a more normal blood pressure (120/80) than those who don’t exercise as much. (Marieb & Mitchell, 2011, 2008, 2006) Materials/ Methods To test my hypothesis, I gathered material and some people that were willing to share their health information.
The organs of the body, like nerves, the heart, and blood vessels communicate by sending and receiving signals. The signals, or so-called hormones, are sent, often at extremely high speed, from one organ to another. These signals attach to special receptors and are then translated into important commands, such as telling the body to raise blood pressure or the heart rate. Receptor blockers prevent the interaction of the signal and the receptor and, as a result, stop the command. Beta blockers work by lowering the heart rate and cardiac output.
The cardiovascular system also responds by redistributing blood to the heart, brain and kidneys and keeping blood away from the skin, muscle and GI tract. The renal system responds to the shock by increasing renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The neuroendocrine system responds hypovolemic shock by stimulating an increase in ADH. ADH is released in correspondence to low blood pressure and decrease in sodium concentration. The symptoms previous to hypovolemic shock include confusion and weakness.
Purkinje fibres are specialised fibres that do not contract but pass the electrical impulses to the base of the ventricles, with a short important delay of 0.1seconds. The ventricle contract shortly after the atria, from the bottom up, this squeezes the blood upwards into the arteries. The blood can’t enter the atria because of the atrioventricular valves which are forced shut. Diastole- The atria and the ventricles relax, while the atria fill with blood. Then the semilunar valves in the arteries close as the arterial blood pushes against them.
The second (diastolic pressure) is measured before the heart contracts and lowest. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2486 Heart rate Heart rate, or heart pulse, is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of heartbeats per unit of time — typically beats per minute (bpm). http://www.google.co.uk/?gws_rd=ssl#safe=active&q=heart+rate+definition+ BMI Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. http://www.google.co.uk/?gws_rd=ssl#safe=active&q=bmi+definition+ Lung function (peak flow) Total lung capacity (TLC) Type: Term. Definitions: 1. the inspiratory capacity plus the functional residual capacity; the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration; also equals vital capacity plus residual volume.
How Does the Cardiovascular System Work? Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system includes blood, blood vessels and the heart performing well-known roles necessary to life. As blood flows through the body, it carries oxygen, hormones and enzymes to the cells and transports carbon dioxide and other wastes for removal from the body. Blood also prevents fluid loss through clotting and fights infection. Cardiac Cycle * The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
8. Explain the following events in the cardiac cycle: change in ventricular, aortic, and atrial pressure; changes in ventricular volume; and heart sounds. * Events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during a single complete heartbeat. * TWO main periods of cardiac cycle: systole – contraction; diastole – relaxation * AV valves open when pressure atria exceeds pressure ventricles, semilunar valves opens pressure ventricles EXCEEDS pressure arteries 1) Ventricular filling: AV opens a. Passive: no atria/ventricular contraction b.
Consuming vitamin C or anti-acids can increase toxicity in the body. Adderall will cancel out various allergy medications if taken together. Also, taking it with an antidepressant can increase a person’s risk of hypertension. Adderall works through the body’s sympathetic nervous system, also referred to as the “fight or flight” system. It causes the sympathetic system to: decrease appetite and sleep, while also increasing heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, bone loss, and anxiety.
When the body detects stress, the SNS is activated which leads to raised heart rate, which leads to higher blood pressure which can lead to Chronic Heart Disease, heart attack, stroke etc. The Beta Blocker is taken then and it acts by reducing activity of adrenaline and noradrenaline and also binds to the receptors of the heart and other areas of the body stimulated by arousal. As a result of blocking these receptors, it is therefore harder to stimulate them and so the heart beat is slowed, and therefore lower blood pressure. A strength of drug treatment is that they are proven to be affective, for example Kahn et al tested 250 participants over 8 weeks, and found that BZs were better than a placebo. The drugs are also very quick and easy to use, and do not require extra effort or stress that could be incurred using other, longer methods of stress management.