As established by Henry VIII in 1550 to distance himself from the Catholic Church and the Pope (and make it possible for him to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon), the official religion of England at the beginning of the Victorian period, circa 1850, was that of the Anglican Church, known as the Church of England. Nonetheless, there were other religions that were quite important in the country, mainly Catholicism and Methodism, which was greatly known thanks to John Wesley and grew under Victorian times. There was also a movement of anti-Church, notably with the Age of Reason of Tom Paine, in 1794, and the apparition of spiritualism. The initiators of such movements where referred to as dissenters, and there were many dissented groups at the time. The Victorian period, up until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, was therefore a time of religious confusion, but also, as we will see, of great charity, as well as of birth of new beliefs.
This piece of legislation would later give him the power to over through Catholicism and would which later make him ‘Supreme Head’ of the Church in England. The Dissolution of the Monasteries still, to this day, represents the largest legal transfer of land, property and assets in English history, since the Norman Conquest in 1066. But to what extent can the Dissolution of the Monasteries be considered a landmark? The Dissolution of the Monasteries is down to two occurrences, public and private intensions. Within the public intensions the king wanted to bring the clergymen into the sphere of his subjects.
How protestant was England by 1540? Break with Rome, nature of the Church in England? * Henrician reformation was essentially an act of state motivated by political, personal and financial motives * The road towards the break with Rome & the Royal Supremacy had allowed evangelicals such as Crammer and Cromwell to rise to prominence, promoting Henry’s new policies. * Catholics still worshipped at a high level * Henry remained a catholic at heart * Comes to a confusing situation * Henry doesn’t show a clear understand of where he stands on religious fronts * Causes struggles in court Was there a move towards Protestantism in the years 1534-39 * The break with Rome and the royal supremacy had severed English connections with the papacy and removed Roman influence from English shores * English Church had been essentially created but papal authority was destroyed and payments were sent to the king * Encouraged more radical reformers abroad * Little alterations on popular worship The Factional struggle: evangelical’s v conservatives * Thomas crammer had risen from relative obscurity to the highest ecclesiastical position in England * On the temporal side Thomas Cromwell had shown his worth in masterminding the Royal Supremacy The Ten articles * see table The bishop’s book * see table Cromwell and the English Bible * both the ten articles and the bishops book can be regarded as partial successes for the evangelical faction at court, Cromwell in particular * neither offered a definitive statement of protestant belief * Cromwell used his friendship and trust with Henry to further the evangelical position * He maintained episcopal appointments to ensure that reformers were preferred * He organised preaching campaigns against Catholic practises such as the worshipping of
Historians have different opinions about the importance of events in Scotland in causing the English Civil War. While some historians state that Scotland was very important others highlight Ireland as a more important external reason for the conflict. Ann Hughes argues that the rebellion brought serious conflict to England, causing a military struggle that could not have been generated by English divisions (1998: p30). Although the Long Parliament was called due to the Scottish Rebellion, it was the sole reason for the civil war. The events in Scotland began with Charles introducing the English bible into Scotland, from there a religious protest developed and ultimately the National Covenant was set up.
1. Which was a major result of the Protestant Reformation? a) new Christian denominations emerged b) religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities c) the Crusades were organized d) the power of the Pope was strengthened 2. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for a) religious revolt against the German princes b) reforms within the Roman Catholic Church c) greater papal authority d) Crusades to spread Christianity 3. Who did Luther think had too much power? a) the King b) the Nobles c) the Pope d) the Knights 4.
This has been greatly debated and in the end he didn’t become more tolerant towards the Catholics, he started to suppress them. In 1604 the Hampton Court Conference took place, the conference was called in response to a series of requests for reform set down in the Millenary Petition by the Puritans, a document which supposedly contained the signatures of 1000 puritan ministers. The conference set off with a meeting between James and his bishops about some of the Puritan complaints detailed in the Millenary Petition. The King, after ending his talks with the bishops, claimed he was "well satisfied", and declared that "the manner might be changed and some things cleared". Private baptism, especially when administered by women, would prove to be a more intense argument between James and his bishops, but James eventually persuaded them that only ministers should administer baptisms.
One of the major events that assisted the fall of the Holy Roman Empire was Thirty Years’ War. The event that started the Thirty Years’ War was “defenestration of Prague.” Two of Ferdinand’s officials were thrown out a window. The Lutherans violated the Peace of Augsburg by acquiring German Bishops, Calvinists converting princes, and Jesuits reconverting princes to Catholicism. The Calvinists and Catholics had many advantages because of that which made the Lutherans fear the Peace of Augsburg would be negatively impaired. The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League.
These included his understanding of what individuals need to attain Salvation and his 95 Thesis. Through these beliefs, Luther consequently impacted Christianity in many ways. Some of which include the widespread questioning of Catholic Church, the birth of a new Christian visitant – Protestantism, the development of Protestant denomination: Lutheran, Calvinist – Baptists, Church of England etc., and the Counter Reformation. One of the ways in which Martin Luther was a catalyst for the Reformation of the Christian Church was his understanding of salvation. During the 1500’s, the Catholic Church was in a state of nepotistic and was shrouded in corruption and wrongdoing.
Gods Jury shows what happened in the past during the inquisition and the protestants reformation. The inquisition was something that was started by the pope in 1231 and this was first which was started to get rid of heretics, eventually the spanish inquisition was started because of the protestant reformation. In the 16th century the protestant reformation was started unofficially it wasn't until Martin Luther posted the 95 theses. this officially sparked the start of the protestant reformation. With this spark there was a rise of many other protestant religions such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, and etc.
For instance, “the sale of indulgences for the benefit of the church of Rome specifically for the rebuilding of St. Peters Cathedral provoked harsh criticism, especially by those who saw the luxuries of the papacy as a betrayal of apostolic ideals ” (Fiero 119). Martin Luther stated a list of objections, called the Ninety-Five Theses, against the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation changed the course of Western civilization for the long term which led to the impact on the arts using Northern Renaissance art, music and literature. Protestant reformers made two new printmaking processes, which were woodcut and engraving. Compared to the too expensive hand-illuminated manuscripts, books with printed pictures became an inexpensive option for all (Fiero 127).