Discuss explanations of gender dysphoria (24 marks) Gender dysphoria is an individual’s experience of feeling uncomfortable with the gender assigned to them at birth. Gender identity disorder (GID) is the psychiatric classification for people experiencing gender dysphoria whereby the person does not have an intersex condition such as AIS or CAH. There are both psychosocial explanations and biological explanations for gender dysphoria. Psychosocial explanations focus on a person’s psychological development in, and interaction with, a social environment, whilst biological explanations focus on a persons genes and hormones. One psychosocial explanation suggests that gender dysphoria is linked to some childhood trauma or maladaptive upbringing.
People with antisocial disorder will act instead of feel; they find it difficult to talk about their personal emotional experiences. The feelings of helpless and a scared victim during childhood stage makes them want to scare and victimize others when they grow up (Hansel & Damour, 2008). Furthermore, the psychodynamic aspect also delves into analyzing early childhood attachments of individuals with antisocial personality disorder. Gabbard (2000) stated that “normal parent-child attachment paves the way for the internalization of a morally guiding superego and the ability to empathize with others. People with antisocial personality disorder show abnormal superego functioning and a lack of empathic ability to imagine how others feel, presumably due to disrupted parent-child relationships” (Hansel & Damour, 2008, p.
This is an extreme view but one that has bearing to depression and spirituality. The situation surrounding the person offers standards for judging one’s own emotions and those of others. Every one tries to explain what starts behavioral abnormality, and the proper responses to it, whether that is therapy or punishment. Certain actions may be totally accepted in some cultures yet looked down upon in others. These influences may be so accepted that the society actually affects the feeling of the individual.
Having a caregiving environment of mind-mindedness, a state in which the parents treat their children as independent thinkers, is a necessary condition for the best development of interpersonal interpretive function. Individuals suffering from BPD have an inadequate ability to understand that their reactions and other’s reactions are driven by thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires. Attachment trauma is also thought to be part of the history of those with BPD. Attachment theory suggests that early experience with caregivers serves to organize later attachment relationships and has been used to explain the psychopathology of BPD (Fonagy, Target, Gergely, Allen, & Bateman, 2003). Childhood maltreatment studies have offered diverse predictors in the types of childhood maltreatment associated with BPD.
PSY481U Assignment 2 Theme 1: Learning and Behaviour Disorders Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders “Children with ADHD continue to pose a considerable challenge to their families and society at large” Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder associated with socially disruptive behaviours such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Cantwell (1996) explained that these behaviours may cause significant impairment and interference in numerous areas of a child’s normal development. Furthermore, according to Tutorial letter 101 for PSY481U (2010) children with ADHD also have a consequential impact on the lives of those surrounding the child. The focus of this essay will be a discussion on the challenges
To conform to the expectations of others may be very self-destructive Many people live up to others in order to belong and sometimes it may lead to self-destruction. People choose to conform to others’ expectations because they want to be a part of certain groups so that they won’t be isolated. In the process of fulfilling the expectations of others, people may be misled and it would be destructive to their identity for the reason that they tend to lose their own concepts and beliefs when they try to conform to others’ expectations. A balance of being accepted and to maintain individuality is essential so that while meeting others’ expectations, it would be less self-destructive. Since living up to others’ expectations may be detrimental, then why do people still want to live up to others?
On this test the abusing mothers indicated a high current level of attachment disorder, primarily anxious attachment, but with some tendency toward detachment as well. Thus the abusing mothers in the study demonstrated their overall sensitivity to separation, especially mild separation, and their feelings of helplessness anxiety, and anger in response to significant separation experiences. DeLozier suggest that these findings support the prediction that the abusing mothers in the study have experienced difficulty in their childhood attachments and in the development of internal representations of significant others as accessible and reliable, resulting in consequent adult attachment difficulties as well as in possible difficulties in the development of appropriate care-taking behaviour. There are implications that DeLozier perceives from her research and she summarises them as
Parental Substance Abuse and the Effects on Children Parental Substance Abuse and the Effects on Children I. Introduction a. The instability of a home where there is parental substance abuse. b. Parents need to be aware of how their actions affect their children, especially when it comes to substance abuse.
For example, “The emotional responses of children who witness domestic violence may include fear, guilt, shame, sleep disturbances, sadness, depression, and anger (Domestic Violence Round Table, 2015).” It is evidently clear that children who come from abusive families may incur problems later in life as they establish and build personal and private relationships. For example, children that are exposed to their mother who is verbally, physically, or sexually abused may develop problematic relationships because of experienced aggression. This aggression may be taken out on peers, or even their own mother. When a child continuously is a witness in seeing their mother abused in any way, chances are they may display or express
Sally McGraw (2013) quoted that, “often, feeling envious of someone stems from perceiving them to have something you wish you had yourself, or feel they don’t deserve.” This, in a sense is the root of insecurity and jealousy. Viewing through the lens of behavioral psychology/behaviorism, we can understand the issue concerning identical twin rivalry involving insecurity and jealousy. A personal interview was conducted separately to a pair of identical twins. Kate and Kaye namely, since childhood were conditioned to dress up similarly and own similar belongings; because of that, one could not simply distinguish them apart. Their upbringing brought the emergence of their problem of individuality.