Emma Culloty BIRMI2A 11 Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a Client’s presenting issue. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is a theory that has caused a large amount of debate and can be seen as quite a contentious issue, particularly when using this theory to try and understand a client’s presenting issue. This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at the critiques of Carl Jung and Erich Fromm and will look at the ideas surrounding Jung’s collective consciousness and Fromm’s view based on a sociological perspective, where the person is able to decide for them and how problems can arise for a client when this does not happen. This essay will also look at the role of women and homosexuality and discuss whether Freud’s views where based on a cultural prejudice when he devised the psychosexual theory.
His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire). He asserted that sexuality is more than just genital copulation between adults and this work is the background to his theory on infantile sexuality. He emphasised particular erogenous zones as being of primary importance at different stages of infancy. Each stage impacts in three significant ways: physical focus where the child’s energy may be concentrated and their gratification obtained; psychologically through demands being made of the child by the outside world as he or she develops – either doing too much or not enough of what is ideal;
In stage five according to Erikson adolescence ushers, identity versus role confusion forms. The emergence of genital sexuality, advent of formal operational thinking, and rising cultural expectations concerning this stage of in the lifespan, adolescents initially confront the psychosocial questions of “Who I am?” and “How do I fit into the adult world?” While stage six of intimacy versus isolation depends on if an individual has successfully consolidated an identity in stage five. Assuming he or she has, the young adult is now ready to seek and form long term bonds with others, either in marriage or long term commitments. Once Erikson’s Timeline a person has a solution for intimacy he or she is then psychosocially ready to address the
Freud’s work is considered important because he showed that childhood experiences and relationships significantly influence the development of personality in later life, (Beaver et al 2002). Freud’s theory was psychoanalysis and he believed that the personality comprised of three parts the Id, the Ego and the Superego. Freud developed a stage theory; these stages are called psychosexual and are linked to the physical pleasures associated with each stage. Freud argued that psychological health as an adult depended on how each of these stages is dealt with, and whether or not optimum gratification is gained from each stage. Freud believed that unsuccessful completion of any of these stages leads to a child becoming fixated
My findings conclude that the same, unquestionable, repressed sexual desires can be observed from infancy through to adulthood. These fixations are as intense and primitive as the sexual desires of my adult patients. Children could be no different.” Piaget : “I doubt these two exceedingly different stages of life are so similar. I’d like to hear your take on an infant having repressed sexual desires. The theory confounds me.” Freud : “It is about sensory interpretation, and wither or not
“Gratification centers of different areas of the body at different stages of growth, making the conflict at each stage psychosexual.” (Saul McLeod, 2008) Also according to Saul McLeod (2008), each of the psychosexual stages is associated with a particular conflict that must be resolved before the individual can successfully advance to the next stage. The resolution of each of these conflicts requires the expenditure of sexual energy and the more energy that is expended at a particular stage the more the important characteristics of that stage remain with the individual as he/she matures psychologically. Some people do not seem to be able to leave one stage and proceed on to the next. One reason for this may be that the needs of the developing individual at any particular stage may not have been adequately met in which case there is frustration. Or possibly the person's needs may have been so well satisfied that he/she
Boys commence to develop later than girls, causing stress due to identity quandaries. Hormonal changes are also a part of the development in adolescence. It is proven that the times of hormonal changes or other biological changes are influenced by social, cultural and psychological factors (Lerner 36). The basic process of development in adolescence is proven through these changing relations. Emotionally there are many challenges that
According to Loevinger’s Theory of Ego Development, the ego is the struggle to comprehend, understand, and organize the experiences of life (McAdams, 2006). The sense of self or ego changes based on experiences and challenges faced throughout life, and hence, the ego is in constant flux. Loevinger developed a theory based on the stages of cognitive development and how it influences the personality. Loevinger measures ego development through a verbal sentence completion test; this means that infants are unable to take the test. Though Loevinger does not specifically address the preverbal stage of ego development, other theorists agree that ego begins in infancy with the recognition of self.
Adolescence and Middle Adulthood The two stages I chose to review for importance are Adolescence (identity vs. role confusion) and Middle Adulthood (generativity vs. stagnation). As this seems to be the area which my current counseling is focused, and I admit I may be prejudiced for that reason, I see these as vital stages of development towards the practice of mental health counseling. Within many family units these two stages reside under the same roof. Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development define adolescence as a time when identity is the paramount goal, with a negative result being confusion for future adult role (Erford, 2010). Anxiety can play a major affect here as the individual dives into social relationships, engages in risky behavior, and has a strong drive to be accepted as a contributing member of society, in other words, what they have to say or do is important … so notice!
Ibrayeva Aigerim TFL 1A The key social and cognitive changes during adolescence. Adolescence is a time of many transitions for both teens (adolescent) and their families. To ensure that teens and adults navigate these transitions successfully, it is important for both to understand what is happening to the teen physically, cognitively, and socially; how these transitions affect teens; what adults can do; and what support resources are available. As you read the following information, keep in mind that while all teens develop, they don’t all follow the same timeline. Throughout this stage there appear physical & psychological changes in adolescent.