According to the statistics presented there are different groups who have different needs. The area that an individual lives in can also impact an individual’s health such as a person from a minority ethnic group who lives in a deprived and polluted inner-city with poor housing, is more likely going to experience poorer health. There is a higher rate of rickets in children who are from the Asian sub-continent caused by having lack of vitamin D. Most minority ethnic groups have a shorter life expectancy and they have higher infant mortality rates. Ethnic minorities tend to come from lower social class positions, therefore, can be difficult to know for sure whether it is their ethnicity that is causing poorer health or whether it is to with their social class position. To continue, ill health can also be affected by there not being enough health care services for individuals to access.
Irving Kenneth Zola argued that patients’ reasons for seeking medical help are affected by cultural background. His study in the USA found that Italians often sought help because symptoms interfered with personal relationships. Anglo-Saxons were more likely to seek help if symptoms affected their work, while the Irish were likely to present symptoms because of pressure from others to seek help. The aim of this essay is to explore and understand different theories and concepts around the social construction of health and illness. There are many varying definitions of health and illness and they vary from culture to culture and across time.
Over the past decades Texas has had one of the lowest voter turnouts. According to Maxwell the reasons for such low voter turnout is because of laws, socioeconomic characteristics, political structure, and political culture. At the turn of the 19th century voter turnout was one of the lowest due to many laws and regulations placed on citizens that denied many people to vote. Many people including women, African Americans, and many immigrants were not allowed to vote. Voting early in the 19th century was considered more of luxury and only very few would get the chance to vote.
If people are separated from the society they will feel isolated and could lead to depression, anxiety, eating disorders, financial problems and/or health problems. For example of a social class marginalisation is when the high class get the majority of the medication than people who really need it, especially from the low class society. They would feel that it is normal just because they don’t have the money to pay the medication, that’s why most of them just die from untreated sickness. Disempowerment is when an individual or group of people feel less powerful or less confident from others. It might because of their age or gender, age because if you are working in a hospital and you are the youngest among the group the elderly will dominate which make you feel disempowerment.
People living in the most deprived areas have much greater mortality rates and lower life expectancy (Jones and Douglas 2012). In terms of health inequalities the most important factor is the wider “upstream” social determinants of ill health. (Orton et al 2011). The factors deemed social determinants of ill health include adverse living environments, poor education, stress, social exclusion. (Marmot et al 2008 cited in Joyce and Bambra 2010).
Evaluate the data based on potential independent and dependent variables. 7. Draw conclusions about appropriateness of the data to meet the purpose of the study. Problem: Men denied Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits die at rates about twice that of age-matched controls, tend not to return to gainful employment, and suffer substantially higher impoverishment levels than successful SSDI beneficiaries. Homeless, mentally ill veterans denied SSDI benefits appear to be as ill and as disabled as successful beneficiaries but, once denied benefits, have poorer outcomes (e.g., life quality, homelessness, reliance on welfare and
And as we have observed, structural barriers are associated with poor life outcomes that can be observed in health and between areas and those associated with poverty. Institutional: Where policies, processes, practices sustain an organisational or service culture that excludes certain people or groups. Cultural barriers: Can prevent, for example, consideration of spiritual, relational or dietary needs that do not conform to traditional expectations. Personal barriers: For example where healthcare staff hold individual prejudices that influence their practice. These actions may be conscious, but as we have discussed, they can often be unconscious or unwitting.
Secularisation (decreased value of religion in society) has had a large impact on marriage and cohabitation. Marriage is now viewed as solely being based love, and is often seen to result in divorce if this fails to continue throughout the marriage. This is a large comparison to the religious view of marriage in the past, where it was seen as a life-lasting event. Cohabitation has also become less frowned upon. These changes have resulted in a decrease of marriage; this is as a result of the declining value marriage holds, and the increased ability to get a divorce.
Those who lack education will be ignorant to the ramifcations related to prenatal care. Majority of the time minority women have less formal education as compared to their white counterparts. The lack in education results in a domino like effect in relation to prenatal care. They will be inexperienced about pregnany as a whole including prenatal care and will lack good parenting techniques. The lack in education and experice results in lower levels of trust in medical care.
Ethnicity is a concept referring to a shared culture and way of life, especially as reflected in language, folkways, religious and other... an ethnicity is often called an ethnic group, although technically the use of "group" is inappropriate in sociological usage because a group is a social system. (ethnicity. (n.d). Retrieved from EBSCOhost.) Race and ethnicity are important to the society of the United States for many different reasons.