White precipitate shows the presence of chloride (Cl-). Chloride anion equation: HCl(aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → HNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s). The nitrate anion test involves cooling a mixture containing 1 mL of test solution and 3mL 18M H2SO4. 2mL is poured down the inner test tube side and the presence of a brown ring shows nitrate (NO3-) to be present. The carbonate anion test mixes 1 mL of test solution and drops of 6M HCl.
h) A way to make hard water softer is to put an sodium nitrate and create a precipitate to mellow out the reaction. Another way of making it softer is by removing the calcium ions one way of doing that is by boiling the solution to take out some of the ions. Conclusion: Overall, we determined that sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is the anion that can be used to precipitate the most metal cations. Also, we learned that the anion sodium chloride, NaCl, could be used to remove silver ions from solutions. The stuff that I found interesting was that how many colours you can get when you mix the cations and anions
Jessica Atanova CHEM 104 lab 03/10/14 SUBSTANCES Granular zinc- gray crystal like | Iodine crystals- dark, circular, rock-like | De-ionized water: used for standard Zinc Ion procedure. | Materials: Boiling tube: for products. | Small test tubes: used to centrifuge the solution and precipitate | Graduated cylinder: used for measurement of water | Stirring rod: used various times to stir samples and solutions. | Spatula: used to measure and transfer the substances. | Centrifuge: used to isolate the solid from the solution | .
This was done by taking small amounts of the unknown acid. It was then placed into capillary tubes and inserted into the Bibby Sterilin Device. Starting with a high plateau to find a quick melting point and then proceeding to find an actual melting point. The next experiment that aided in finding more characterizations of unknown #2651145-PLF13 was equivalent weight. In order to find the equivalent weight a titration of the unknown acid had to be conducted.
The purpose of this lab is to focus on how to make zinc iodide in a different way using compounds instead of elements, which are barium iodide and zinc sulfate. We will see if the reaction between these two compounds will occur and make a prediction by writing a chemical equation. The procedures for this lab are to place a small test tube inside a 50mL beaker and weigh it. Then, using a spatula, add 0.45±0.03 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate into the small test tube and record the mass. After that, dissolve the sample in 2 mL of deionized water and shake the test tube for 1 to 1 ½ minutes to dissolve the solid.
Discussion & Conclusion In this experiment we learned how to synthesize the cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. We procedure the first step where we have to mix the components. Then we heat the R.B.F with a fractionating column, distilled water. Then we obtained the layers, and we transferred the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask. We added anhydrous Sodium Sulfate as a drying agent.
Observing Changes – Materials & Procedures Materials Water Copper (II) sulphate (Powder) Copper (II) sulphate solution Iron nail Sodium carbonate Hydrochloric acid Magnesium ribbon Flame (candle) Sugar Aluminum foil Test tubes Test tube rack Tongs Medicine dropper Spoons Beakers Safety goggles Scoopulas Procedures Water and Copper (II) Sulphate Procedure 1. Add a small amount of solid copper (II) sulphate to a test tube with a scoopula. Record the physical properties. 2. Write a hypothesis on what you think will happen when water is added.
The salts will be dissolved in distilled water by small quantities until the reaction reaches When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they either absorb energy from or release energy to the surroundings. If a chemical reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings, it is an endothermic reaction. If a solution releases heat to its surroundings, it is an exothermic reaction. The enthalpy of dissolution is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at a constant pressure. The change in enthalpy relies on the concentration of the salt solution, because different concentrations will produce different enthalpies.
For reaction (II) Pb (NO3)2 + 2KI -> PbI2+2KNO3 Lead nitrate is soluble, so it gets written as ions. The same goes for potassium iodide and potassium nitrate. Complete Ionic equation: 2 K+1 + I-1 + Pb2+ + NO32- -> PbI2 + 2K+1 + NO3-1 Net Ionic Equation: Pb+2 + 2 I-1 -> PbI2 Warm-Up Exercise 2 In this lab you will mix 25 mL of 0.05M lead nitrate with 1.4 mL of 0.025M sodium carbonate. After the reaction occurs, you will filter the solution to remove the precipitate. You will then test the remaining solution for excess lead ion and for excess carbonate ion… Imagine that you mix the two volumes and then freeze frame the reaction so the it does not proceed: 1.
Hydrate Lab The purpose of this lab is to analyze the percent water in a crystalline hydrate and to indentify the hydrate from a list of possible unknowns. The solid hydrate will be heated to remove the water, and the percent can be found by measuring the mass of the solid before and after heating. The hydrate will be indentified by comparing the percent water in the hydrate with the percent water calculated for the possible unknown. Before the lab there are pre-lab questions: 1. Describe the three general safety rules for working with a Bunsen burner.