African American Women and the Criminal Justice System Amber Zona Contemporary African American Women Final Paper May 6, 2012 Within the criminal justice system, African American women occupy a unique place as offenders. Neither an African American male nor a white female, theoretical research often fails to capture or discuss the issues unique to Black women (Laub and McDermott, 1985, p. 81). The few studies that have attempted to dissect the intersections between race and sex are found within the critical perspective. According to Kraska (2004, p. 219), “combining feminist and race scholarship allows an expanded framework for analyzing criminal justice.” In order to analyze this framework, it is critical to understand the gender roles and sex stereotypes that have often been ascribed to Black women (Young, 1980, p. 33). The consequence of these roles and stereotypes has resulted in their disproportional presence as offenders.
The Struggle Continues Many feminists addressed the plight of African American women during the New Negro movement in the US. They shared the same problems and visions but some differ in strategy. The African American educator Elise McDougald’s essay “The Struggle of Negro Women for Race and Sex Emancipation” employs an interesting strategy to gain individuality amongst African American women. While displaying the direct issues similar to those of her allies, McDougald approaches her antagonists with an unusual method. This was an extremely audacious essay and a great subject to debate for that reason.
From the way the story was written it talked about black women’s hairstyle, clothes they wore, lack of education, and the certain usage of words. The way Phoenix’s words were delivered in the story seemed as if it was a put down. The tale made Phoenix to be knowledgeable by her everyday doing in life, but in reality she was displayed to be ignorant. The story of Phoenix Jackson is an expedition, a dealing of race and imagery. This story portrays stereotypes, racism, and struggles, which relate to the previous books Malcolm X and Birth of a nation.
The total number of HIV/AIDS cases reported in the country was in the hundreds according to the statistics from the National Center for AIDS and STD Control. The HIV rate of infection increased from .5% to 69% in 1995. The HIV/AIDS awareness and surveillance needed to be strengthened. Many Nepalese women worked as prostitutes in several large Indian cities. Epidemiological evidence indicated that the primary mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS in Nepal was heterosexual contact with CSWs followed by intravenous drug use.
I’ll start off with General Strain theory, it states that strain can be caused by failure to achieve positively valued stimuli, the loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli. In Compelled to Crime, the African American battered women were overwhelmed with strain, in response they acted out by committing an array of different crimes. The reasoning behind this could be because of their low levels of social support. The African American battered women did not have a lot of support; they were most of the time cut off from their families and friends. Another example of how strain applies to these women can be seen in Agnew’s writings when he said “Data suggest that child abuse and neglect negative school experiences, chronic unemployment, and residence in deprived communities are important causes sate anger and that such anger explains much of the effective of strains on crime.” (Agnew, Chp.
Education is an important factor to help stopping the AID virus from spreading in Haiti. In the passage Selzer inter views three prostitutes in this quote Carmen is one of the three prostitutes. ““Carmen,” I say, “if you knew that you had AIDS, that your blood was bad, would you still sleep with men?” Abruptly, she throws back her head and laughs.” (p.445) According to her response she being ignorant of the situation because she is lack of education. Moreover by this interview from Carmen Selzer can concluded that education is very important and that without it is seems impossible to slow or stop this epidemic of the AID virus. As we learn from the reading “A Mask on the Face of Death” by Selzer the country of Haiti can’t progress without giving a
While, white working women have just recently come out into the public arena to protest their beliefs, African American women have extended their work as mothers into their communities as “protectors of the race” (265). Krauss includes an African American woman, Cora Tucker, who makes the correlation between environmental issues to not only power, but
Top of FormBottom of Form | Distinguished African American Women Belinda M. Chalk African American Woman’s Studies Fall 2013 African American women are exceptional human beings. Like other women, they are burdened with the problems of being a female in a male-dominated society that does not fully value the feminine perspective. Unlike other women, they are also faced with issues resulting from long-standing negative, stereotypical images. For countless years these women have endured the systematic oppression due to elements in cultural, political and, historical events. Long before British-colonial occupation and the slave trade, the male dominated African tribal culture adhered to many oppressive yet accepted and structured forms
Although the spread of the ‘disease’ is a result of many issues, it is the purpose of this paper to discuss the socio-cultural factors that increase women’s vulnerability to HIV. It shall be evident that emphasis shall be on Africa, and more specifically Sub-Saharan Africa. Social factors place women around the world at increased risk for HIV. The decreased economic power of women, compounded by reduced social and legal rights, has a number of consequences in the context of HIV/AIDS [amfAR Aids Research (2008)]. Some of the consequences include the fact that women and girls may be forced to marry or are coerced into unequal relationships as a means of economic support.
HIV/AIDS virus has various amounts of effects on the infected individual psychologically and physiologically. This paper will focus on the mental and physical effects of the HIV/AIDS virus on the persons living with the disease. The effects a person with HIV/AIDS face varies from individual to individual. Each situation is as unique as the person involved. Not everyone will experience all the emotional or physical responses that HIV/AIDS can cause.