Plant Structure. LEAVES: · Leaves are the plant organs where most photosynthesis occurs. Their broad flattened structure optimizes the surface area exposed to light. Plant morphologists have developed a hypothesis, supported by scientific evidence, that leaves are flattened stems between which tissue has developed. · The shape and structure of leaves vary considerably from species to species of plant, depending largely on their adaptation to climate and available light, but also to other factors such as grazing animals, available nutrients, and ecological competition from other plants.
Euglena Euglena gracilis Euglena is a common group of freshwater single celled organisms in the Kingdom Protista. Euglena confused early scientists because it is green like a plant and thus carries out photosynthesis. However Euglena moves, something that in the mind of the average person is associated with animals, not plants. Also, unlike plants Euglena does not have a cellulose cell wall. Early scientists were confused because they wanted to divide up the living world into plants and animals.
All prokaryotic cells have distinct shapes and appendages. There are eight different distinct bacterial shapes; Coccus is an individual spherical bacterium, Diplococcus is two spherical bacterium together, Streptococcus is a string of spherical bacterium, Staphylococcus is a cluster of spherical bacterium, Bacillus is rod shaped, Vibrio is bent-rod shaped, Spirochete is lose-spiral shape, and Spirillum is a tight-spiral shape. The appendages of the prokaryotic cells assist in protection, movement, and adherences to surfaces. Staining in used to enhance bacterial cells in order to easily view its identifiable structures and appendages, and to create a contrast between the cells and the background of the slide. Since most cells are microscopic, staining improves the human ability to view them through a microscope.
Photosynthesis is performed by various life forms, however, the best organisms’ for this process is by cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants (Vermaas, 2013). The end result of the Photosynthesis process is the storage of energy in sugar bonds. Vegetation requires energy, H2O and CO2 in order to create sugar. Photosynthesis occurs in a plant’s chloroplasts, specifically using the green pigment that captures light energy; which is why it primarily takes place in the plant’s leaves. The veins in a leaf transport nutrients and water where they are needed and chloroplasts are in a plant’s mesophyll cells, which is where photosynthesis takes place.
The GFP gene is very versatile and can be inserted and expressed in almost any organism. Since the protein is fluorescent in UV light, it is often used as a biomarker in order to tag and study different genes and cell processes1,2. GFP is a 27Kda protein consisting of 11 beta strands that form a beta-barrel. The structure that is responsible for the green fluorescence emitted by the protein, called the chromophore, is located in the middle of the beta-barrel3. The chromohpore is analogous to the active site of an enzyme, in that the protein folds in a specific fashion that allows for the chromophore residues to come together.
Chelonia mydas sp. also known as the green sea turtle. This is the only species under the genus Chelonia. Besides, this species can be found both in tropical and subtropical seas around the world. Most of the adult of this species are feeding on the marine plants life such as kelp and the algae while the young prefer more carnivores feeding style.
Both nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients for plants and are therefore present in most fertilizers in addition to being present in agricultural and municipal waste products. As a result, the movement of large amounts of fertilizers around the planet can also mean the movement of excessive nutrients from one place to another. Typically, some of the fertilizer used on a farm does not stay there but moves downhill where it can get into a downstream aquatic ecosystem-a river, lake, or bay. Concentrations of excess nutrients in these bodies of water cause the patches of algae to expand prolifically.
Red tide is a common name for a phenomenon more correctly known as an algal bloom (large concentrations of microorganisms), an event in which estuarine, marine, or fresh water algae accumulate rapidly in the water column and results in discoloration of the surface water. It is usually found in coastal areas. [1] These algae, more specifically phytoplankton, are single-celled protists, plant-like organisms that can form dense, visible patches near the water's surface. Certain species of phytoplankton, such as Dinoflagelate, contain photosynthetic pigments that vary in color from green to brown to red. When the algae are present in high concentrations, the water appears to be discolored or murky, varying in color from purple to almost pink, normally being red or green.
Coloured Cellophanes effects on Photosynthesis Background Theory: For photosynthesis to take place a plant requires carbon dioxide, water, light, chlorophyll and a suitable temperature. The necessity of these factors can be demonstrated by simple experiments either on whole plants or leaves (Moment, Habermann 1973). Autotrophs are organisms capable of making their own food. Autotrophs are also called producers because they can use the energy in sunlight or chemicals to produce food. The process of photosynthesis is when plants use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates.
These four processes crucial to plant life are photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, photoperiodism and phototropism. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants take light energy from the sun or another source, convert it into chemical based energy, and then use this energy to survive. The light energy becomes organic molecules, which make up some fundamental structures inherent to each plant. Photosynthesis also plays a part in the ever-important process of helping to sustain human life. Carbon dioxide is pulled from the environment outside of the plant and used as a part of photosynthesis to acquire energy and to run life-sustaining processes.