The Greeks believed that intellect is superior to forces of nature, while the Romans wanted their architecture to dominate the sites. A third similarity was their ability to be innovative during their time periods. Along with their innovations when it came to their temples, the Greeks also had the ability to create very life-like and dynamic sculptures, something that the Romans constantly struggled with during their time. Because of this, a lot of their sculptures were just replicas of Greek sculptures with small adaptations and changes occurring. One of the most innovative steps that the Romans took with their
The temple designed simply as a shelter or home for the cult statue and as a storehouse for offerings. This shelter consisted of a cella (back wall), a pronaos (columned porch), an opisthodomus (enclosure), an antae (bronze grills securing the porches), and a colonnade that provided shelter for visitors. The earliest monumental buildings in Greek architecture were the temples. Since these were solidly built and carefully maintained, they had to be replaced only if destroyed. The architectural orders, Doric on the mainland and Ionic in the eastern Aegean, were developed in the archaic temples, and their lasting example tended to make Greek architecture conservative toward changes in design or in building technology.
The Etruscans tried to create a new architectural style that differed from that of the Greeks. Grecian architecture included columns and steps surrounding the entire span of the temple, while Etruscan columns and stairs were only placed in the front of the temple. One main difference between the two types of architecture was that Etruscan temples were built out of a type of limestone called tufa. In contrast to this, the Greek temples were made out of marble, making them stronger and more durable (Carr). The Etruscan builders were influenced greatly by those in Greece, while the Romans were influenced by
They also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the patron god of a city for success in war. Ionic Doric The earliest monumental buildings in Greek architecture were the temples. Since these were solidly built and carefully maintained, they had to be replaced only if destroyed. There were two main orders of early Greek architecture, the Doric and the Ionic, and their lasting example tended to make Greek architecture conservative toward changes in design or in building technology. The Doric style, which originated around 400 BCE brought rise to a whole new type of building technique and style, and was used in mainland Greece and spread to the Greek colonies in Italy.
Architecture is generally defined as the aesthetic designing of buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments. This makes it very different from standard construction engineering. Ancient architecture is based upon past events and important figures of cultural beliefs in which the community aspires to reflect and display. Greek and Roman mythology played an important role in the structures, and in order to understand the significance of the buildings, one must first understand the origins of each. During the tenth century B.C, when the Dorian people migrated to Greece they brought along their Hellenic culture.
The Greeks and Romans were two strong societies that brought great things to the Mediterranean. These two societies although always thought to be the same, were far more different than alike in a number of ways from the way they lived to how they treated women. The Roman society adopted many things from the Greeks, but always adding their own beliefs or style. One difference was the styles of governing. The Greeks were a democratic society, believing that the power should be given to a group of men instead of only a single leader.
The significance of roman religion played a major role on the people of Pompeii and Herculaneum. It was established in the 6th century and was influenced by not only the Greeks of Campania but also the Egyptians, the Pompeian and herculean religious practices were diverse from others as they had the pantheons involved such as Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Vesta, Ceres, Diana, Venus, mars, and mercury, Neptune, Vulcan and Apollo. Religion in Pompeii and Herculaneum was very broad and polytheistic as they worshipped more then one god therefore Deities and others were worshipped in different ways and peoples worships was in a form of offering, sacrifices, festivals, games and rituals. The practices of belief and rituals were either in public or private areas such as their homes. A lot of the gods /goddesses were seen phenomenal immortal forces and believed to posses certain powers and were associated with different factors of life.
Rome has a location very close to the Mediterranean Sea. The land is made up of hilly land and is situated between two sets of mountains; the Alps and Apennines. Religion: Greeks worshipped many Gods, each God represented an element and Greek mythology deciphered each God and their relations to mankind, such as Zeus, Apollo, and Hermes. Like the Greeks, Romans also worshipped various Gods. Each God had an intended day of worship for which temples were built throughout the land.
The Greek culture has had a profound impact on Western civilization due to their long lasting contributions in the areas of art, architecture, philosophy, math, drama, and science. The discus thrower and most other Greek sculptures are emotionless, and usually capture the serenity of motion, and were always proportional. This form of art was known as classical art. Many sculptures and paintings of presidents, and high-ranking military leaders are emotionless. The Greeks believed that the emotionless art showed a sense of power.
Both the column and the arch had been seen before, but the Romans based their work on the arch and its structural principles which had not been done previously. They used arches both for their immense support capabilities but also for their power to glorify and amaze. They then used three types of columns; the Doric Style, to hold up huge and heavy buildings. The Ionic Style was the second type of column. Used for the same purpose as the Doric style although more graceful and not so imposing with its slender shaft.