Grammar-Relative Clauses Essay

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e-grammar.org esl printables English grammar: Relative clauses Defining relative clauses They specify a noun or pronoun in the main clause and are necessary if we want to understand the meaning of a sentence. I saw the girl who was outside our house. They wanted the picture that cost two pounds. These relative clauses specify the objects of the main clauses. If we omit them, it is not clear what girl or picture we are talking about. The defining relative clauses follow after the relative pronouns who, which, that, whose and whom. We do not write them with commas. Use of the relative pronouns Who for persons The man who called you has just arrived. Which for things This is the book which I wanted. That for persons and things Are you the boy that lives next door? Can you see the tree that has no leaves? The relative pronoun that is less formal than who or which. Whose is a possessive pronoun for persons and things It is a story about a boy whose parents got divorced. The river whose bridge is in front of us is called the Cam. Whom is the object of a verb The man whom I met yesterday ... Whom is very formal. In spoken English who or that are much more common. The man who I met ... The man that I met ... We can also leave out the pronoun. It is the most usual form. The man I met ... If the subject in the main clause is different from the subject in the defining relative clause, we normally leave out the relative pronoun. The student you saw in Oxford is my neighbour. (the subjects are the student and you) The bike she borrowed belongs to me. (the subjects are the bike and she) Be careful If the subject in the main clause and the relative clause is the same, we cannot omit the pronoun, because it becomes the subject of the relative clause. The driver who took you to school is from York. The pen that is on the desk is new. There is only one subject in each sentence -

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