As time moved on, stained glass resurfaced as an art and a craft. Its techniques were recorded. It was occasionally used in Byzantine churches and by early Christians. It gained more popularity in the Romanesque period. It wasn’t until the Gothic period that stained glass began its rise to fame.
Third it is known for the flying buttresses that were used to let the outward thrust of the vaults go gracefully to the ground through a series of arches. These were essential to allow the large distinct Gothic windows to be placed in the walls without losing strength. The flying buttresses were a big architecture advance in this time. If these were not invented Gothic would of never of been the same. There are many gothic churches that are still found throughout Europe today.
One of the most important elements of the Romanesque movement were illuminated manuscripts. There were few major innovations during this movement because it was a continuance of former Eastern European movements but, illuminated manuscripts were pretty specific to the period. Also there was the Gothic Art which was a Medieval art movement. One of the main Gothic art mediums was Illuminated Manuscripts. But During the 1400s Printing press was invented, During the Renaissance, hand illuminated manuscripts were still being made even though the printing press was invented
Gothic Architecture in French and English Cathedrals The Gothic style originated in France around 1140. It spread to other parts of Europe and remained the dominant style in northern Europe for the next 400 years. Like the preceding Romanesque style, the Gothic style is defined largely in terms of architecture, with many regional variants. As the Gothic style spread throughout Europe, it brought profound changes in Europe. French Gothic captured the imagination of English architects and the style influenced their building down through the centuries.
They are most famous for their architecture, based on the new ideas and materials that they established. The Romans learned concepts from prior ages and altered them with the aim of building up their Empire and creating a stronger basis for living. Through mastering skills of architecture and engineering, the Romans were able to change the face of Europe forever. They learned not only to master ways of creating solid structures but also ways of giving them character and style. Roman architecture did not simply appear out of thin air; it has its roots in Grecian and Etruscan architecture.
Middle ages music period extends from 500 AD to 1400 AD, while the Renaissance music is from the 1400 AD to 1600 AD. Renaissance was about rebirth. Medieval period is the foundation that was laid for the notational and theoretical practices that shaped western music into what it is today. Music of the middle Ages made great advancements in regard to tonal material, texture, and rhythm.The church was majorly affected by the development of music, the first major type of music of this time was chanting. The early Christians inherited the Jewish chants of synagogues.
St. Sernin Toulouse 1080 - 1120 Romanesque architecture is characterized by: - thick heavy walls which support stone roofs - a blocky, earthbound appearance - large, simple geometric masses - the exterior reflects the interior structure and organization - interiors tend to be dark because of the massive walls that dictate small windows - growing sophistication in vaulting to span the large spaces - barrel vaults, groin vaults and rib vaults are used A major boom in building was due to the need, in some cases, to replace wooden churches which had been burned by the Norsemen and the continued growth in the cult of relics and pilgrimages. French and English builders built some of the most adventurous buildings in terms of pushing the limits of the design technology San Sernin, in Toulouse, is a typical pilgrimage style church in the Burgundian style. The floor plan is a Latin cross w/ clearly defined parts - basilica plan modified for large crowds - large apse - the square of the crossing / module for the rest of the plan - 1/2 half of the crossing square = 1 bay - side aisles = 1/4 of the crossing square The 4 side aisles form continuous circuit around the transept nave and transept. The ambulatory aisle enclosed the choir- the area east the transept- separated by a screen to give privacy to monks doing the mass or other services. - the side aisles allow visitors to walk back to view the relics without disturbing anything going on in the nave or choir areas St. Sernin, looking toward the altar and apse Looking up at the dome in the crossing.
These times were particularly apparent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Modernism at this time was a big cultural shock, but also gave people the power to improve their ever changing environment, this was due to the eve of new science and technological advances in western society, due to industrialisation. As far as Photography and industrialisation were concerned or the culmination of the two meant that new materials could be
The vaults are heavy and tended to create downward force that could cause the walls to collapse. (Armi 48)This is the reason buttresses (stone supports) were built against the walls. Romanesque carving was almost always done in relief-sculpture carved from a background. Earlier
The Domination of French in England The Norman Conquest. Toward the close of the Old English period an event occurred which had a greater effect on the English language than any other in the course of its history. This event was the Norman Conquest in 1066. What the language would have been like if William the Conqueror had not succeeded in making good his claim to the English throne can only be a matter of conjecture. It would probably have pursued much the same course as the other Germanic languages, retaining perhaps more of its inflections and preserving a preponderantly Germanic vocabulary..., and incorporating words from other languages much less freely.