List problems that stem from globalization related to economic development, labor issues, and the environment. Explain the origins and effects of labor migration, outsourcing, and offshoring. Describe possible approaches to dealing with the problems presented by globalization. Key Ideas Critics of globalization believe that it is harmful because it is driven by narrow economic interests. The benefits of globalization are unevenly distributed, and it causes hardship for poorer countries.
Violence, obesity, children’s education, life expectancy, mental illness, teen births, trust- all are major problems for societies across the globe, and according to Wilkinson and Pickett, can be attributed to inequality. In their examination of developed countries, they found that inequality, rather than average income, is a far better indicator of wellbeing. Furthermore, the authors posited that nearly all problems that are more prevalent at the bottom of social hierarchies (many are aforementioned) are more common in unequal societies. They suggest that despite a nation’s apparent affluence, wealthy yet unequal nations are nonetheless “social failures” (18). Wilkinson and Pickett explore two of the most common assumptions about the social gradient that shows people at the bottom of social hierarchies suffer more problems- circumstances and individual tendencies.
Globalization is also the cause of inequality in the worlds economy, considering the fact that globalization has benefited the rich much more than the poor. While poverty rates have fallen as a result of our world becoming globalized, the workers are still getting an incredibly low income, which might cause social instability and conflict. Globalization has had a positive impact. One of the main advantages is that based on per capita GDP
Aid can become an obstacle to development because of the tied nature of much aid, which benefits the donor country more than the recipient, in economic terms. Tied aid is bilateral aid in which the donor country specifies conditions relating to the way the money is spent. This often involved spending money on goods and services from the donor country. Aid is also an obstacle to development because of the frequently inappropriate use of aid on large capital intensive projects which may actually worsen the conditions of the poorest people. The strengthening of political ties as a result of bilateral aid may increase dependency and hinder democracy in the recipient country.
A 2010 study considered it beneficial, while other recent studies consider it a growing social problem. While some inequality promotes investment, too much inequality is destructive. Statistical studies comparing inequality to year-over-year economic growth have been inconclusive; There are various numerical indices for measuring economic inequality. A prominent one is the Gini coefficient, but there are also many other methods. Measurement of inequality in the modern world A study entitled "Divided we Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising” by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development reported its conclusions on the causes, consequences and policy implications for the ongoing intensification of the extremes of wealth and poverty across its 22 member nations .
These countries are open to new ways of proficiencies (e.g.) social mobility, and impacting the stratification dynamics more than normal customs of these countries. There has been and paradigm shift of the auto corporations in the area of economic wealth in which the government tax revenue fall within and outside of its demographics. Foreign cultures influx of affluence causes a cultural shock, but soon levels off, and the wealth and affluence they experience positively and negatively affecting these countries materially and environmentally. The positive effect are adequate health care and the countries assets: whereas the negative effects upsets the cultural influences causing
In poorer countries, globalization brings the chance to sell their relatively low cost labor onto world markets. It brings the investment that creates jobs, and although those jobs pay less than their counterparts in rich economies, they represent a step up for people in recipient countries because they usually pay more than do the more traditional jobs available there. In addition to this, information via the internet is available to many people because of globalization. The case studies book mentions the specific example of the Darfur crisis. Because of globalization and the access to information, attention was able to be drawn to the cause and help put a stop to it.
It has always been difficult to move from middle class to upper class (although it has been done by some a few). The stagnant economy is putting the middle class at risk of sliding into the lower classes of poor. The structural-functional approach to this problem is at a macro level of analysis. Social stratification, which includes the middle class, is seen as a system of unequal rewards that benefits society as a whole. Social position reflects personal talents and abilities in a competitive economy.
Who benefits and who loses when a common market for labour is extended to more countries? Explain using: ecconomic theory EU experience, in particular after the 2004 enlargement The labour mobility problems that are created when a common market for labour is extended to more countries have been a major concern of the European Union when considering expansion because member states have always feared their economies would suffer due to the cheap labour coming from poorer nations. Considering the fact that the recent expansion added ten members eight of which have significantly lower wages than other countries and large labour forces makes this concern even more pertinent. Since labour mobility is part of the core freedoms in the Union, the Treaty of Rome that was put into effect in 1958 committed member states to allow for the free movement of labour. This implied that nothing would stop labour from moving within member states and there will be no discrimination against workers based on their nationality, provided the nation is within the customs union.
Globalisation causes Economic inequalitiesEconomic inequalities in any country arise from overconcentrations of wealth & power. Imbalances in the distribution of power can lead to a lack of political representation in government for some groups, the creation of power elites, the loss of personal freedoms & civil liberties, & abuses of authority, of which genocide is an extreme example. Imbalances in the distribution of wealth can lead to the loss of economic opportunity & social mobility, the creation of a permanent underclass, & conditions of illiteracy, unemployment, homelessness, hunger, & disease. The social issues caused by economic inequality are a threat to global security. The relationship between economics & global security is complex & not necessarily an immediate link to make.