Oil and methane "seep" out of those fissures, are diffused by sediment, and emerge over an area several hundred meters wide. Methane (CH4) is the main component of what we commonly refer to as natural gas. In addition to being an important energy source for humans, methane also forms the basis of a cold seep ecosystem. Cold seep biota below 200 m typically exhibit much greater systematic specialization and reliance on chemoautotrophy than those from shelf depths. Deep-sea seeps sediments are highly heterogeneous.
The pool of magma releases carbon dioxide (and other gases). As to how the carbon dioxide got into the lake, scientists have two different hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that the carbon dioxide could have been released into the lake from a sudden gas eruption via ancient lava pipes; the second, that carbon dioxide could have accumulated slowly in the lower parts of the lake, only to be released into the air by some force of Earth, such as an earthquake or landslide. There are only two other lakes in the world that are saturated with carbon dioxide this way, both of which are also in Africa. But how did a lake full of carbon dioxide kill so many people?
Mass Extinction Part A: Mass extinction can typically be thought of as the extinction of an entire species/ rapid disappearance of a species due to environmental or human causes. Traditionally mass extinctions have been seen ass some type of catastrophe for the worlds biota. Definition however must include: • Event must be rapid • Over 50% of all life on earth became extinct • Life forms that become extinct must belonged to a different phyla, on land and in the sea. There have to date been five mass extinctions, the oldest occurred during the lower Cambrian Period some 542-488 [pic]million years ago. The Cambrian Period is the first period of the paleozia period.
One piece of evidence from an ice age shows us that continental drift actually happened. One of the Earth’s ice ages is called Permo Carboniferous, It’s large glacial sediments had covered many countries. These glacial sediments covered South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica, and Australia. Permo Carboniferous happened about two hundred and fifty million years ago and was discovered by A.G. Smith in 1997. This is important, because these continents could not all have been frozen while they were apart.
They are derived from the chemical and mechanical weathering of rocks. Biogenous sediments are composed primarily of the protective outter covering of small marine animals and plants. If these remains comprise at least thirty percent of the sediment it is called an "ooze". "Oozes" were named for the types of organisms that formed them. Hydrogenous sediments form as a result of the chemical reactions that occur in the
Fossil evidence was also provided; trilobites of the same species found in Canada and Scotland and also, coal deposits were located in Antarctica. During the 1950’s the first of the transatlantic communications cables was laid down on the sea floor. This lead
Over time layers of shells and sediment are cemented together and turn rock, storing the carbon in rock – limestone and its derivatives. Another way carbon is made in this process is from living things. This is where heat and pressure compress the mud and carbon, over millions of years forming sedimentary rock such as shale. And in some cases, when dead plant matter builds up faster than decay, layers of organic carbon become oil, coal and gas (fossil fuels). The cycle returns carbon to the atmosphere through volcanoes.
Shale, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Mineral solutions form chemical sedimentary rocks. They are classified by thier mineral composition. Rock salt, rock gypsum, and crystalline limestone are common chemical sedimentary rocks. Organic sedimentary rocks are made up of organically derived sediments.
Theory of continental drift The hypothesis that the continents had once formed a single land mass before breaking apart and drifting to there present locations was first presented by Alfred Wenger. He believed that the continents were once joined in a super continent that scientists now call Pangaea. Over a vast period of time the continents drifted apart due to the earth’s rotation. In 1915 he published a book about his theory. His main evidence was the continents appear to have a jigsaw like fit, the west coast of Africa and South America have the same pattern of rock layers and have the same plant and animal fossils; some of these animals are only found in those parts of the world and their fossils show they could not swim.
Wenger’s proposition was that the continents were slowly moving along with tectonic plates and that was why they shifted position on the earths surface, the evidence to support his theory was the same plant fossils and similar rock formations all found on different continents. Wenger believed that the continents had once formed to make one whole continent known as Pangea, which is Greek for ‘all the lands’. According to Wenger’s theory Pangea began to break up about 225-200 million years ago and eventually fragmented into the continents we know