Yet, this same upbringing blinded me to the inherent social disadvantage experienced by transsexuals. Through my experience, I can recognize that heterosexuals are taught not to identify the privilege of their group over transsexuals. I have decided to identify some of the daily effects of heterosexual privilege in my life. I have chosen those conditions that I think in my case attach somewhat more to sexuality privilege than to class, color, or status, though of course all these other factors are intricately intertwined. As far as I can tell, transsexuals that I come into contact cannot count on most of these conditions.
1. INTRODUCTION Feminism foresees a genderless area where women should be perceived as equal to males. Femininity has been socially crafted due to the idea that men are perceived superior above women. Open-minded feminism quarrels that gender contrasts are not established in biology hence on the society’s comprehension of gender. Women and men are not disparate as they are both able to envision therefore no variation of gender ought to be imposed.
Gender or sex refers to the socially constructed categories of feminine and masculine which are the cultural identies and values that prescribe how men and women should behave. The social power relations based on those categories are distinct from the categories of biological sex (male or female) (Germov, 2009, p. 131). Gender refers to the social aspects of differences and hierarchies between male and female. (Macionis, 2008, p. 367). Gender is understood as a system of relations, a social product constantly negotiated and redefined that both constrains and provides opportunity for action.
If society has values set in place, it has to be for a reason. The reason would be wasted if we decide not to install them into the youth of today. How do you feel about cheating? It is universal that it is wrong, but if its not enforced on the children and explained how morally and ethically wrong it is. Will they ever know that forcing yourself sexually on another person is right or wrong?
In his own words it is “uncommonly silly” why punish someone because of what they choose to be sexually? He also stated that it was not in the Bill of Rights and not in the Constitution. So why waste valuable law enforcement resources to prevent and punish someone because of his or her sexual preference. In Justice Scalia dissection she announces that the court described petitioners conduct as an exercise of their liberty which it is. “Before the Medieval period early Romans tolerated alternative sexual practices, such as masturbation in males and females and homosexuality.
HOW ARE OUR SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS OF MASCULINITY CHANGING? To understand how the social expectations of masculinity are changing in today’s society, it is necessary to look in-depth at the concept of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ (Connell 2000), its impact on men and how this concept appears to be changing for some men, yet appears to be still embedded within masculinity in some sections of contemporary society today. In sociological terms, masculinity is taken for granted, it is a ‘norm’ and it is not associated with gender or compared to women (Van Krieken, Habibis, Smith, Hutchins, Haralambos and Holborn 2006). The social construction of masculinity was studied in depth by Connell (1995). Connell looked at gender and the human body in three ways, firstly, the biological difference between men and women, secondly sociologically and lastly where there is a ‘compromise’, where the previous two are somewhat combined.
That is, gender is widely perceived as simply being a natural occurrence that happens at birth. Yet, studying gender as a social-economic driver rather than just a natural phenomenon, allows us to understand that there is more to gender than simply human nature. In reality gender is continually been re-created through” human interactions, and is the texture and order of social life”. In other words, we identify the differences between male and a female based on the behavior each one of these respective statuses constitutes in our social life. Personally, I define gender as a human production that depends on everyone constantly “doing” gender.
Sex-role stereotypes are magnified in male-dominant firms and are harmful to women psychologically as stereotypes generate violence and gender inequality that is a form of exclusion (Forret & Dougherty, 2004). Stereotypes place women in a subordinate position to men in a patriarchal and sexist model in which their function is to serve the other and not to lead (Llopis, 2006). Men can handily adjust to male-dominated structures because they can read masculine culture better than women and because their peers are just as them. Increasing internal visibility is greatly related to the number of promotions and total compensation for men but not for women. There can be several explanations but one explanation might be that the work assignments
the power to construct reality. Those who name the world have the privilege of highlighting their own experiences--and thereby identify what they consider important. Thus, groups that have a marginal status are denied the vocabulary to define (and express) their own experiences. A good example is the recognition of sexual harassment, a term which was not used prior to the 1970's (see pp. 324-25).
GENDER AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT The term "gender" refers to the male and female roles shaped by a society, learned indi¬vidually and re-negotiated by each new gene¬ration. Male/female roles are determined pri¬marily by the social, cultural and economic organisation of a society, and by the prevailing religious, moral and legal perceptions. Female and male roles and scope for action are not static, but are subject to constant change. They can vary enormously from one society to another, and even within any one society there can be significant differences depending on social class, family status, and ethnic or reli¬gious background. These roles are not neutral but characterised by different possibilities for making choices, and different rights and deci¬sion-making powers; generally to the disad¬vantage of women.