The railways, particularly the Trans-Siberian railway, also gave Eastern Russia a link to Europe and Western Russia a link to the Pacific Ocean, which made it easier to export Russian goods. Therefore the Russian governments’ investment in railways was extremely successful in promoting economic growth. The Russian government was also successful in improving Russia’s heavy industry through the introduction of tariffs on imports. This clearly helped Russian heavy industry to expand as steel production increase eightfold from 1880 to 1905 and petroleum production increased over 2500% during the same time period. These tariffs, introduced by Vyshnedgradsky and continued by Witte, both increased revenue for the government and made
France wasn’t part of the colonies like America was, America was sick of being treated badly, and unfairly so they decided to fight. But as for France they were having trouble with their government and needed to create a new one witch they did. And to me it seems like America had much more at stake. The American and French Revolution both worked out in favor of France and for America they both got what they wanted France got the government they fought for, and America parted ways with Britain. The two revolutions were a big part in both America’s history, and a big part in Frances history.
Necker put a stop to the rebellion in the Dauphiné by legalizing its assembly, and then set to work to arrange for the summons of the Estates-General of 1789. He advocated doubling the representation of the Third Estate to satisfy the people. But he failed to address the matter of voting — rather than voting by head count, which is what the people wanted, voting remained as one vote for each estate. Also, his address at the Estates-General was terribly miscalculated: it lasted for hours, and while those present expected a reforming policy to save the nation, he gave them financial data. This approach had serious repercussions on Necker's reputation; he appeared to consider the Estates-General to be a facility designed to help the administration rather than to reform
That document amalgamated a variety of Enlightment ideas drew from the works of political philosophy. The French Revolution was influenced by Brotherhood because the irate citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille together, it was an expression of the power of the people to take politics into their own hands. Fiscal irresponsibility influenced the Revolution because after debts where brought to an higher level then before then taxes were raised on the people to end the financial trap which was not easy and required the support of the aristocracy. Democracy influenced the French Revolution the new construction of politics, in which all individuals were equal, ran counter to prevailing ideas about collective identities defined in guilds and orders. People on all levels of society learned politics.
How successfully did Alexander II deal with the opposition he faced, 1855-1881? Alexander II had opposition during the years 1855-1881 as his reforms had raised hope of the intelligentsia, who wanted further modernisation specifically a constitution and as he failed to deliver they were all disillusioned and angry. Secondly he abandoned his reforms in 1866 which led to more extreme opposition. I feel Alexander II was successful in dealing with opposition as he had support from the serfs which I feel was the most successful way to deal with opposition. The emancipation of the serfs appeared to have strengthened the loyalty of most peasants to the tsarist regime leading the peasants to greet the Populists with hostility due to their loyalty to the tsar.
On the other hand, once he had claimed the throne, he established motifs, marriage alliances and treaties in order to strengthen his dynasty. By the end of his reign in 1509, he had secured trade links, but also milatery glory, which indicate other factors contributed him to increasing his dynastic insecurity. Throughout his reign, the balance between England and France were Henry’s greatest concern. In the first few months of his reign, Henry made a one year truce with France, which later extended from 1486-1489. Nevertheless, the truce wasn’t easy, espeically over the corrupted matter of Brittnany, whom the French wanted to succed, as Francis II wanted to marry Anne Duchess of Brittany.
To what extent was Pitts repressive policies the main reason for his success in defeating the radical challenge in 1801? Outside of parliament and of the rich and powerful there were many people who wanted change; the French revolution had a profound and ongoing effect on political, social, and religious life and on the government in Britain. Many people wanted to see the changes that were occurring in France to happen in Britain, as many of the working class people were not happy with there role in society and they wanted reform. Pitt acted quickly against the threat posed by the radicals, the new societies and the publications they produced, this was known as Pitts ‘reign on terror’. Fresh legislation restricting freedom of speech, writing and assembly was passed from 1792 to 1801, to reinforce these new laws the yeomanry were called in to reinforce these new laws.
Many aspects of the African and American economies remained unchanged by maintaining an agrarian based economy. As trade began to increase between Europe, the Americas, and Africa, many social transformations began to take place. The national monarchs that lived within Western Europe wanted to increase their power and began to look for more trade routes to increase their wealth. This rise in trading led to the growth of the middle class in Western Europe. The middle class developed because the increase of trading opened up room for specialized workers Along with the growth of the middle class bankers, capitalists, and other occupations also began to develop.
Part 6 Chapter 2 The French Revolution "A People's History of the World" by Chris Harman Although the French had enjoyed a millennium of stability, in the late 1700s, that all began to fall apart. In 1789, the king summoned representatives of the three estates of French society, the clergy, the nobles, and the rest of the population, to discuss ways to raise taxes. The third estate (the rest of the population) refused. They gathered and would not disperse until the demand for a constitution was met. Rumors of a military coup agitated the people so much that rebellions started up.
Dramatic increases in international grain prices motivated American farmers to boost agricultural production for the export trade. Farmers planted more wheat, generating more jobs for millers, coopers, dockworkers, and ship and wagon builders. Cotton production also boomed and removing the seeds from cotton was hard labor. Until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. Road building also helped the economy.