Astronomy 10 Chapter 11 1. Both used to be normal stars but the white dwarf ran out of hydrogen, they are both subjected to gravitational theories. A Neutron star is a fluid of neutrons, as hot at its surface as the inside of the sun and has a greater magnetic field. 3. Because its density is so high, neutrons spin in the same way that electrons do so must obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
The arrangement of particles in an atom Protons and neutrons make up the main, dense, central nucleus in the centre of the atom. This is surrounded by electrons “orbiting” the main nucleus. The electron are in shells depending on their energy levels, as the most energetic are on the outer shells, because they need more energy to travel around a bigger “orbit” of the nucleus. These shells are full when a certain amount of atoms are in the shell; 2 in the first shell, 8 in the next shell, 8 in the third shell and so on. When the shells are full, the atom is unreactive.
(Note: In this Gizmo, the Kelvin scale is used to measure temperature. On the Kelvin scale, 0 degrees is absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature. Absolute zero is equal to -273.15 °C or -459.67 °F) A. How does the change in temperature affect the speed of the molecules? B.
The presence of the positive charge induces a mass migration of electrons from sphere B towards (and into) sphere A. This movement is induced by the simple principle that opposites attract. Negatively charged electrons throughout the two-sphere system are attracted to the positively charged balloon. This movement of electrons from sphere B to sphere A leaves sphere B with an overall positive charge and sphere A with an overall negative charge. The two-sphere system has been polarized.
Electromagnetism Everything is made out of atoms. Atoms consist of a nucleus (containing neutrons and protons) and a cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus. Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. If an object has more protons than neutrons, then it is negatively charged. If an object has more electrons than protons, then it is positively charged.
The energy released is in the form of increased kinetic energy of the product particles and any radiation emitted. The energy released in a nuclear fission is very much larger compared to the energy released in a chemical reaction. Spontaneous natural nuclear fission reactions very rarely occur. Nuclear fission reactions are normally initiated by bombarding the nucleus with slow neutrons or thermal neutrons of low energy of about 10-2 eV. Nuclear fussion: Nuclear fusion is the process in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
| |hot water plus match |Air inside bottle was very foggy with the presence of smoke. | (4 points) 1. Cloud formation is really just the process of water vapor turning to liquid in the air. Name that water cycle process and explain why it occurs in the air? Hydrologic Cycle The elements that combine to make water Hydrogen and oxygen are found in dust, grasses, and other stuff that formed Earth.
Ionic: This contains atoms that can have a positive or negative charge as a result of gaining or losing electrons. Atoms or groups of atoms are called ions and electrolytes. Ions are continuously moving in and out of the cells, as they are often required or eliminated products from thousands of chemical reactions occurring in cells. In solution: Substances are capable of dissolving in liquids are called solutes (the liquid is a solvent and the solute dissolved in the solvent is a solution. Salt dissolves in water because ions become separated by polarised water molecules.
This principle was first used in a rocket engine by Robert Goddard. Very nearly all modern rocket engines that employ hot gas combustion use de Laval nozzles. Its operation relies on the different properties of gases flowing at subsonic and supersonic speeds [1, 2]. The speed of a subsonic flow of gas will increase if the pipe carrying it narrows because the mass flow rate is constant. The gas flow through a de Laval nozzle is isentropic (gas entropy is nearly constant).
The effect of heat on the expansion of gases is stated in Charles' Law. A gas occupies 1/273.15 more space for each 1° C. rise in temperature and, conversely, 1/273.15 less space for each 1° C. drop in temperature. This fact enabled scientists to determine absolute zero (-273.15° C.), the temperature at which all molecules theoretically stop moving. A gas can be made to expand without the addition of outside heat if the pressure confining the gas is reduced. This principle is stated in Boyle's Law.