Food Storage Stability

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chapter three Protein instability Ronald E. Barnett and Hie-Joon Kim Contents Introduction Proteolysis Aging of meat Dairy products Interaction with additives Polyphosphates Reducing agents Sulfites Nitrites Hydrolyzed vegetable proteins Nonenzymatic browning Significance Case study Protein bioavailability Reactive lysine loss Sensory attributes Conclusions References Introduction Proteins in foods, those that are unprocessed or minimally processed as well as those that are processed to destroy spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, are susceptible to chemical changes brought about by indigenous or exogenous components and influenced by various conditions of treatment and storage. They can be degraded by hydrolysis of the peptide linkages brought about by enzymes and corresponding to proteolysis, they can undergo aggregative or degradative reactions as well as modifications to substituent moieties that are effectively brought about by interactions with food additives, and they can undergo aggregation and modification due to amine group reactions with indigenous or added components with carbonyl groups such as reducing sugars. Some of the more prevalent and significant reactions occurring during refrigerated or ambient storage are described below, with a focus on proteolysis, additives, and nonenzymatic browning. ©1998 CRC Press LLC Proteolysis This section covers proteolytic changes occurring in foods that have low but discernible enzymatic activity. Postharvest physiological changes, which is covered in Chapter 2, and proteolysis due to spoilage microorganisms will not be discussed. The main areas of interest are meat tenderization associated with aging and protein changes associated with storage in some dairy products. Aging of meat Lean meat is about 22% protein by weight, most of which is myofibrillar protein and can be extracted with 0.3 M

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