Financial Crisis, Hedge Funds

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2. Explain the main causes of Asian financial crisis, e.g., fixed exchange rate, speculative attack by hedge funds and financial market deregulation; The Asian financial crisis often results from several factors, there are: 1. Hedge funds A hedge fund is a private investment fund open to a limited range of investors that is permitted by regulators to undertake a wider range of activities than other investment funds and also pays a performance fee to its investment manager. Hedge funds make money out of market fluctuations. It works in short some assets which benefit when price fall and long in others which benefit when prices rise. For example: A group of hedge funds sold HK stocks short and exchanged the proceeds into US dollars in 1998. The large resources were used to buy local stocks, thus cause the hedge funds to lose money and later institute new rules that restricted short selling, forcing the HK investors who had rented out their stocks to call them in. Another example is: Malaysian Ringgit and Thai Bhat have been sold by the speculator, the banks in these countries could not protect the speculative attacks on their currencies. The impact is, it led to depreciation on the currency of that particular country. 2. Crony Capitalism Crony capitalism can be defined as the capitalist economy in which success in business depends on close relationships between businessman and government officials and the extension of easy credit by government guaranteed banks to closely associated companies. Eg: In Indonesia, the corruption and nepotism of the former Suharto government has been known for many decades. In South Korea, the Kim Young Sam government favoured the medium-sized chaebol, Hanbo, over the largest company, Hyundai, to assist into the steel industry. After the collapse of Hanbo in 1997, this policy was found to involve corruption at the
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