In spite of all these changing times and circumstances, the tension between the upper and lower classes remained tenser than ever before, building up under the fabric of society. Russian became industrialized during the 1930's when Joseph Stalin instituted a series of what he called “five year plans". The plans were designed to rapidly increase the industrial capacity of the Soviet Union and change it from an agrarian economy to an industrial one. The plans succeeded and Russia did become an industrialized nation. Prior to the “five year plans”, Russia had mostly a peasant farming economy.
The farming population were seen to be the largest group of victims as the ‘domestic market was saturated’ with livestock and they found themselves fall dramatically into debt. It was also seen to be a challenging time for women, as ‘being a new woman meant new burdens, not new opportunities’ and for many it was seen as a period of great contradictions. Therefore, the aforementioned examples alongside mass industry and the influx of immigrants are all key issues which need to be examined when deciding whether the boom was in fact exaggerated. When discussing whether the prosperity of this period was overstated, specific areas of the economy need to be analysed, for example the farming and agricultural sector which Butler suggests that, ‘…although America’s industry seemed to be thriving, its agriculture sector, still a large part of its population and economy, was in trouble’. This is a strong and relevant argument to include and Butler adds further weight to his assessment by making good use of statistics to support his judgments.
It also affected the economy as payrolls, pay rates, salaries, or wages decreased as the population increases due to rapid urbanization. The rapid urbanization and soaring population also resulted in rapid spread of diseases due to the condition and situation of the new industrial city. 2.) How did the factory system change the way people worked? Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most of the people migrated from farms to cities, also known as urbanization.
The number of live births per year increased due to several factors such as children were used to work on farms (source of income) and in those days there was no reliable contraception and little education. The number of people dying was also high but still less in proportion to the birth rates. This was due to poor medical knowledge and poor diet, water and sanitation. More recently the birth rate has decreased and this is due to social, economic, cultural, legal, political and technological factors. A mixture of these factors led to the change in the position of women in society, the increase in equality, especially legally, including the right to vote (legal factor), the increase in educational opportunities (social factor) meant that women chose to educate themselves before starting a family, the increase in work opportunities with laws banning unequal pay and sex discrimination (social/legal factor)and changing attitudes in society meant that it was socially acceptable for women to be employed whereas traditionally the wife would be the housewife and the husband would be the breadwinner and would financially support his family.
The first five year plan was inducted between October 1928 and December 1932 and the emphasis was on heavy industries such as coal, oil, iron and steel. The successes included electricity production being trebled, resource output was doubled, the engineering industry was developed with increased overall output of machinery, tools etc and huge new industrial complexes were built that harboured the ground for these ideas and innovations to become a reality. Weaknesses were apparent such as limited growth and even a decline in consumer industries such as house building and food processing. Small workshops were squeezed out partly because of the drive against Nepmen and the shortages of materials and fuel. The collectivisation of agriculture provided Stalin with the idea that further industrial growth was necessary in order to fuel the country’s economy and diminish the burden of Russia’s backwards nature.
However, most of these technological innovations were not within the grasp of the average farmer; only wealthy farmers could afford to own things such as the wheat harvester and the number of horses it took to pull it (Document D). Railroads extended throughout the United States and connected the East and Western markets (Document B), but farmers did not make good profits because of the high railroad rates that were in effect. Even though farmers fought for and were successful in establishing limited freight rates (Document C), they still had to deal with many other problems. Due to overproduction, farmers everywhere suffered from the decrease of their crop prices (Document A). All of these technological advances were made with the intention of helping farmers and improving their working conditions, but instead, they backfired and made things even worse than before.
The United States spending for health care have gone up while its economy has been declining. This has poses many threats to federal funds for Medicare and Medicaid. This has also affected private insurance company’s as well current
The death rate has fallen since 1900, which could be due to improvements in healthcare or the improved nutrition which has accounted for the reduction in death rates. However there are consequences for the decreasing death rate and one major consequence of this is the ageing population. The UK date rate refers to the overall number of deaths per year. In 2010, the death rates decreased to 493,242 which is a reduction of the death rate from 600,000 deaths per year in the early 1900s. There have been several reasons for the decline in death rate, and one of the reasons include the improved nutrition that the UK has achieved during the 1900s.
The reasons this occurs is due to numerous factors like the number of companies going out of business, lack of job growth, future plans for job growth does not meet the need, founding father’s not allowing large business to come to town, education level of community, sales tax is high, and average household income is low. Another reason for the high unemployment rates in Mohave County is that there are some very rural areas and job availability is low. Some people actually make more living off the unemployment benefits then they would get paid at a minimum wage job. “Unemployment benefits range from $60 to $240 per week depending on a person’s previous income” (Pelham, 2011). “The average job growth is 1.46% lower than the Nation’s average.
Mortality Rates As the medicinal industry becomes more advanced, life quality drastically improves. There are many causes to why mortality rates in the 1500’s were low but there are also multiple factors that helped changed the mortality rates to the way it is currently. Mortality rates of today have decreased vastly compared to the 1500's mortality rates in Europe. “A mortality rate is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval.” There are sub categories in mortality rates, such as crude, cause-specific, age-specific, infant mortality rates, and much more. During the 1500’s in Europe, one in every three or four children born died before the age of 15.