Did you know where the cultures of body tattooing and body piercing have been commonly observed? The introduction of pigment through punctures in the skin to create patterns or the process of body tattooing was practiced in Ancient Egypt. It has been noted that the natives who had the most elaborate tattoos and body pierces begot greater respect. Moreover, some of the highly intricate body tattoos have been found from among the cultures of Oceania specifically the Maori of New Zealand. Japan in its contemporary time has its Yacuza, organized gangsters that have also been flaunting full body tattoos.
During these years, which mark the first in Mao’s reign as leader in China, there were a number of key features of Communist rule in China, notably land reform, economic policies, as well as violence. In this essay, I intend to argue that violence was a key feature, but that there are other factors that could be described as being ‘key’ also. Mao’s immediate aim upon coming to power was to gain control of the cities, where the GMD had been at its strongest. He was determined to stamp out any remaining support for the GMD and ordered massacres of suspects. 65,000 people were killed in Guangzhou and 28,000 in Shanghai.
CCOT Changes in Continuities in China Analyze the changes and continuities within China during the time period from 1850 B.C.E to 220 C.E During the time period 1850 B.C.E to 220 C.E China had many great innovations, great empires, and great philosophical leaders. Some of these things include the invention of creating steel and molding steel to decrease the time it took to create things which allowed China to excel greatly beyond other countries. Other idealisms such as Religions Buddhism, Hinduism, and lifestyles such as Confucianism which promoted Nonviolence, and respect for one another. China had great warfare within itself during the Warring States period however once united it became a country who outperformed all other nations. The first structured dynasty of china the Shang created the structure for Chinese political and administrative formulation which was slightly altered but not greatly changed when the Zhou dynasty took over in 1027 B.C.E some of the Shang ideology’s we’re altered to match the Zhou’s but many we’re kept the same to appease the citizens.
During the beginning of the 1900s, there were plenty of revolutions and violence that took place. The Chinese revolution in 1911 and Russian Revolution in 1917 shared similar goals, they wanted to end the power of their current leader and establish a new one. For Russia, it was Tsar Nicholas II and for China it was the Qing Dynasty, Russia wanting a functioning communist government and Chinese revolutionaries wanted a democratic government. The first outcome is different in that China relied on agriculture to maintain its economy and Russia relied on industry to fuel its economy. The second outcome of the revolutions was that the countries were dramatically changed, two great powers were stopped and communist leaders eventually took over in the two countries.
The French revolution brought a series of wars forcing France to change its government and military starting off a modern era. In the 18th century, scientific and technological changes began to drastically change the world. Europe started to create factories to help reshape and build their economy. Also in the 18th century was the Enlightenment of Europe. This helps advance knowledge and reform the society.
For the Qing Dynasty, which came to power in the mid 1640’s, they adopted many ideas and bureaucratic practices from the very government they overthrew, the Ming. Johnathan Spence’s novel, “Treason by the Book”, describes a very highly developed and highly sophisticated method of Bureaucracy is practiced by the Qing Emperor and his council. This example of success and bureaucratic practice can be seen similarly though with the Ottoman Empire as well. For instance, both dynasties had to find a successful way to rule over a vast area of land that wasn’t fortunate enough to be populated by the same ethnic group. China had to incorporate Manchu’s and Han Chinese, while the Ottoman Empire had to incorporate Turks and Muslims, among others.
of Confucianism Scholar-Gentry class filled most of the high gov’t positions & oversaw a vast bureaucracy in an arrangement that was to cont. in later cent. Established regional hegemony (control) over East Asia through military prowess and the reestablishment of a tributary system (payment by subjects) Chinese called their empire the middle kingdom because they saw themselves as central to the world around them goods delivered to Tang court by envoys from tributary states kowtow- a deep bow before the emperor in which the forehead touches the ground Economic Changed and Social Distinctions Equal field system- restricted inheritance of land When a farmer died, his land went to the gov’t and was allotted to individuals and their families according to the fertility of the land and needs of the people 1/5 of the land remained under hereditary control and rest was available for redistribution not only checked the power of the aristocrats but very much improved the lot of the average peasant making them much
-The defeat was part of a larger rebellion that began after the First Emperor's death. -The people were dissatisfied with the tyranny of the Qin leaders and their legalist form of government. -Chinese history portrays the Han as having implemented many changes to the government, evidence shows that the Han continued to rule in the tradition of the Qin, only gradually incorporating Confucian ideals into their legalist form of government. - rose after the rebellions of the Ch’in (stage one) - (stage two) Wu Ti (emperor) brought new economic policies, built canals, established granaries for surplus grain, increased taxes on merchants, created government monopolies (salt, copper coins, iron & liquor) - Debate on monopolies after Wu Ti’s death: “Salt & Iron Debate” - Legalists said: state should enjoy profits from salt & iron - Confucians said: leave resources in private hands for moral purity (government would be corrupted by dealings with merchants) - Confucian ideas begin to influence the legalists (emperors see Confucian scholars as bookish) - Confucian ideas shaped the moral of men w/o external restraints
Much of Vietnam's history has been under foreign rule by the Chinese. In 1860 France began its domination and had to regain the former territories in the region. Between 1955 and 1960, the North Vietnamese tried to take over the government in South Vietnam. In 1963 President Diem was overthrown and executed. After this incident they had the drive to take over the whole country.
As well art was a form of protection; Chinese believed that 1000 sculptures of warriors could protect an emperor in his afterlife. Art was a form of showing respect to higher authorities and noble families. Chinese art was more realistic than Persian because it represented real life as well. There are pictures of Chinese peasants and poor class people representing life of China. Art was as well form of religious culture, since rich people were able to decorate their bodies with expensive materials after they die.