Motion Parallax c. Depth Perception d. Constancy 6. The proposition that sleep is needed in order to regenerate our bodies and maintain mental and physical activities is part of the B- RESTORATIVE theory of sleep. a. Adaptive b. Restorative c. REM d. Parasomnia 7. Our bodies tend to operate on a general 24-hour cycle called a _____________, which is regulated by the hypothalamus. a.
Chapter Four: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs * Understanding consciousness necessarily involves subjective experience. * An altered state of consciousness that may also be a natural state could be sleeping and hypnosis. * Hypnogogic sleep typically lasts for five minutes. * Your brain first begins to produce delta waves in the third stage of sleep. * One’s genitals will typically be aroused during REM sleep provided one’s dream is not anxiety provoking.
There are two ways of generating biological rhythms. These are Exogenous Zeitgebers and Endogenous Pacemakers. Endogenous pacemakers and Exogenous Zeitgebers can manipulate the various bodily rhythms, and have particular effects on the sleep / week cycle in the circadian rhythm. Endogenous pacemakers are separate and distinct internal rhythms that affect the bodily rhythms they are also known as internal biological clocks. Examples of this would be core body temperature, sleep-wake cycle.
c) How does one nerve cell communicate with another? - Nerve cells communicate with one another through neurotransmitters. 2. a) Explain what neurotransmitters are? - Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing where that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
Researchers gather pertinent information regarding sleep history, medical history, and physical assessments on participants is important. More extensive tests may be conducted, such as a Polysomnography. This is when people stay overnight in a facility under the care of professionals and have their muscle activity, heart rates, breathing patterns, eye movements oxygen levels, and unusual movements monitored (Dogrhamji,2008). These results are then measured and this gives the researchers the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the sleep-aid. The evaluation can show if a person went to sleep more quickly, and slept more comfortably as usual and woke with no drowsiness.
Describe and Evaluate research into Circadian Rhythms, with reference to endogenous pacemakers and endogenous zeitgebers (8+16) Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that generally last about 24 hours, examples of which include core body temperature and the sleep wake cycle. The sleep-wake cycle is maintained by time checks controlled by changes in daylight and social cues like meal times. There is also the free-running biological rhythm run by endogenous pacemakers that is categorised by the isolation of people from external influences i.e. exogenous zeitgebers, relying solely on the endogenous pacemakers. Endogenous pacemakers are body clocks that are internal to our biological systems, the most important being the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which is sensitive to light and receives information via the optic nerve and send this info to the pineal gland, which controls the production of melatonin.
According to Meddis, sleep may simply ensure that animals stay still when they have nothing better to do with their time. For example: diurnal animals can’t look for food at night so they go to sleep to stay out of harm. In support of Meddis’ waste of time hypothesis, Siegal says that being awake is riskier than being asleep because an animal is more likely
Shift work and jet lag are two consequences of biorhythm disruption. Discuss the consequences of disrupting biological rhythms. (24 marks) The interplay between endogenous pacemakers and external zeitgebers is designed to keep physiological processes and behaviours such as sleep-waking cycles and hibernation perfectly in tune with the outside world. Over a year, days gradually get shorter and nights become longer, and activity and physiological processes adjust their cycles to these zeitgebers. External zeitgebers such as day length change only slowly in the normal course of events, allowing our biological rhythms time to adjust to the changes.
It is typical during a sleep terror for a person to scream, sweat, have a rapid pulse and sit up in bed. The person having a sleep terror may appear to be awake, but are unable to communicate. Most people will not respond to soothing words or comfort, they may try to run away. This event will last 20 minutes or less, then the person will lie down and go back to
I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach in order to evaluate whether a personal induction is more effective or whether an alternative approach could prove more beneficial. When a therapist and client embark on hypnotherapy as a method of therapy, it is essential that the client is able to go into a deep state of relaxation. Relaxation of the physical body and the mind is, after all, a principal characteristic of a hypnotic state (Karle & amp; Boys, 1987, p.27). It is only through this process of relaxation that the brain waves slow down to a ‘theta’ wave, thus