The implications of extroversion and introversion for classroom teaching are also considered. Instinctively, many second language teachers somehow feel that a student with an outgoing personality is more likely to be successful as a second language learner than his less gregarious counterpart. Language teachers reason that the extrovert will create more situations for himself to engage in conversation in the target language. This enrichment of opportunities to speak the new language will positively affect the development of the student's proficiency in it. Ofcourse, an intuitive feeling about the relationship between an outgoing personality and second language learning is not sufficient evidence on which to base a theory of teaching and learning.
Furthermore, Forman concluded that a variety of methods are needed for concentration. The third peer interaction is Peer Tutoring. this is when more advanced learners teach material to less advanced individuals. Brainerd shows traditional learning is often more effective with student compared with individual learning. It has been found that peer tutoring is often best when the tutor is only slightly older than the student, as the material will be fresher in the tutors mind and the student will not feel so intimidated by their tutor.
In line with this hypothesis, a blocked schedule led to better performance than random practice during training but not on the transfer test, where a random schedule was beneficial. The hypothesized interaction effect was also found: Critical thinking prompts after task execution significantly benefit transfer performance of participants following a random schedule, and transfer performance following
Stroop (1935) thought that using incongruent stimuli would cause interference and a delay in response time because of automaticity. He also thought that if he used congruent stimuli that facilitation would occur. Stroop saw that the condition that elicited the longest response time was the condition where the participant had to state the ink color rather than the written word. Thus, he saw that participants showed faster response times in the condition where they were to state the written color word and not its ink color. This faster response time appeared because the individual automatically processed and read the word before cognitively processing its ink color.
E valuate how learning activities have affected practice There are several ways of learning and only by learning can we affect how we practice our work in a more improved efficient manner. I believe we learn more by our mistakes, which from that knowledge; we can then improve the service. A theory known as Lewin/Kolb cycle puts into practice a learning activity which should then improve future practice. The general theory is as follows: 1) concrete experience -where something happens to you or you do something, even an everyday event. 2) Reflective observation-where you think about it.
ANALYSIS of “The Myth of ‘Practice Makes Perfect’” by Annie Murphy Paul Central claim: Mastery of a skill demands deliberate practice, focusing on improving weak areas, rather than just spending time repeating the activity (Explicit). Reason: Improvement at a skill only occurs when the practitioner works to notice and eliminate errors through practice. Evidence: • Authoritative opinion from cognitive psychologist Gary Marcus argues that deliberate practice is much more effective than unfocused just-for-pleasure practice. • Marcus cites studies that show that working to improve weaknesses is more likely to result in improvement than just spending more time practicing. • Authoritative opinion from a 1993 Anders Ericsson paper suggests that although practice focusing on fixing errors may not be the most enjoyable, it is probably the most effective.
It is also stated that the language of ‘textese’ as it is called, maybe be just masking dyslexia. Dyslexia is a learning disability where people have difficulty seeing the word and its correct spelling in their head. ‘Textese’ makes it easy for dyslexic people because they don’t have to have all the letters in the word they just have to make sure the other person they are communicating with can understand them and what they are trying to say. These things are clearly the cons of ‘textese’ but in the article there are almost more pros than cons. ‘Textese’ is not as deviant as people think, they make it out to be the biggest first world problem anyone has ever seen but really its only if people are in a real rush that they use it.
Academic Success Academic Success To be successful as a student, you will need to set academic goals, know and understand your learning style, and have academic integrity. Setting goals is easier said than done for a lot of people. Many times, we envision what we would like to happen in the future, but forget about applying steps to our everyday life to achieve them. Other times, you may start off strong but get distracted along the way and lose focus of the end goal. .
It is important to note that if children feel that they are being manipulated or controlled by the rewards, their behavior will likely not change effectively. Indeed, as explained by the over-justification effect, punishments and rewards are not effective if children only behave well in order to get a reward or avoid a punishment. Rather than using rewards and punishments, a more effective method is to use authentic activities; activities that are similar to situations students are likely to experience in the real world. The book suggests that if educators used more authentic activities, students would be more likely to create a productive knowledge base and use that knowledge later on in their
Also if the children are with different adults at different times then the children would not maintain stability which then in turn would disable practice of the positive reinforced behaviour. The behaviourist, Skinner, argued that reinforcement was more effective than punishment in education. For example the child minder rewarding the child provides information on desirable behaviour, increases motivation to perform rather than other behaviour and are associated with pleasant emotions. Reinforcement is a very flexible form of behaviour control selective reinforcement can shape many different types of behaviour and reinforcement schedules mean reward do have to be given to desirable